书城外语英译漫谈及“花儿”译赏
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第14章 花儿译赏及西北民歌译介(2)

这是首洮岷州传统花儿,第一句是提韵词语,后两句的末三字整齐地押韵,“下来了”、“咋来了”很平稳自然。“咋来了”,方言,干什么来了之意。

20. 河里头清不过漠泥沟河

河里头清不过漠泥沟河

河边里马五哥坐过

我哭(啥)的眼泪没给人说

艰辛(者)眼泪把大路(哈)漫过

MONIGOU RIVER WAS CLEARER THAN…

Monigou river was clearer than the others

Mawu brother sat beside the river

I didn"t say my tears to others

The roads were flooded by my tears

这首花儿选自“马五哥和尕豆味”,通过心灵和行为刻画表现了回族女性特有的内在品格。她善良,多情,热爱生活,渴望自由爱情,敢于与恶势力抗争,甚至牺牲。

21. 乌鸦沟(哎)花儿滩

乌鸦沟(哎)花儿滩

想你哭了十五天

眼泪擦在袖口尖

三伏天里晒不干

I DIDN"T DRY IT IN THE HOT DAYS

We named the place Crow ditch and Flower shoal

I missed you,crying fifteen days,

I brushed my tears off my cuff,

I didn"t dry it in the hot days.

这是民间文学诗歌的夸张手法。

22. 天边里的红云彩

天边里的红云彩

这个妹妹好人才

活像牡丹开

THE RED CLOUDS ARE IN THE SKY

The red clouds are in the sky far far away

Little sister is a heavenly beauty

She is beautiful as she were a blossoming peony

这首是陇东花儿,是洮岷花儿的变体,第一句为比兴,二三句是主题。陇东是丝绸古道。陇东花儿里有民俗学的点滴和佛家的足迹。

23. 东海的云彩西海里来

东海的云彩西海里来

哪一朵云彩里雨来

尕妹妹是牡丹才开开

阿哥浇一趟水来

EAST CLOUD CAME FROM WEST SEA

The cloud of the east came from the west

Which cloud has rain,the east or the west?

The peony is coming on as little sister

Elder brother wants to water it

这首民歌全文不见一个爱字,却爱情四溢,含蓄地表现在“浇一趟水来”,因为“牡丹才开开”。作家文学中惯用的含蓄这种表现手法,原在民间文学的沃土中。

24. 白杨树高嘛柳树高

白杨树高嘛柳树高

白杨树高

白杨树的尖尖把天顶了

旧朋友好嘛新朋友好

旧朋友好

旧朋友的恩情重了

IS POPLAR HIGH OR IS WILLOW HIGH

Is poplar high or is willow high?

Poplar is high.

Poplar has reached the sky at the top of poplar;

Is old friend good or the new?

The old friend is good.

The old friend has deep affection.

花儿像其他民歌一样,有独唱、合唱、对唱和重唱,在花儿会场上以对唱为主。

25. 新大路好嘛旧大路好

新大路好嘛旧大路好

新大路好

旧大路弯弯拐拐多

IS THE NEW ROAD WELL OR THE OLD ROAD

Is the new road well or the old?

The new road is well,

The old road was in curving.

世界上的路,旧路弯曲,苦难多,新路总是比旧路直、平、稳、快,但新路总是在人的脚下诞生,大自然也是自身地运动。世间本来没有路,走的人多了,就有了路。

26. 不唱花儿阳世咋有爱

不唱“花儿”花儿咋会开

不唱“花儿”阳世快活咋会来

阿哥的肉哟

不唱“花儿”世界怎么会充满爱

HOW SHOULD FLOWER BLOSSOM WITHOUT SINGING HUAER

How should flower blossom without singing Huar?

How should the world be pleased without singing Huar?

My dear little sister

How should the world be full of love without singing Huar?

是花儿要开,这是自然规律,不唱“花儿”花儿咋开,这是文学,有了花儿世界,就充满爱,这既是自然,又是文学,自然里有文学,文学里有自然,这是最有力的人间说服力。

27. 她坐(哈)是心痛

月亮上来是一点黄

日头上来是火红

尕妹站(哈)是一柱香

坐(哈)是格外心痛

SHE SITS LIKE LOVE DEARLY

The moon rises to be a bit yellowish,

The sun rises like flames,

Little sister stands like a incense,

She sits like love dearly.

“一点黄”就是有点淡黄,故译为a bit yellowish。“心痛”是方言土语,可译为love dearly,即非常好看(a very pretty girl),是尕俗话。

28. 正是杏花二月天

正是杏花二月天

牵牛花扯上了房檐

阿哥是肝子(者)尕妹是胆

肝胆(哈)扯开是万难

QPRICOT FLOWER IS BLOSSOMING IN FEBRUARY

Apricot flower is blossoming in February,

The morning glory has pulled to the edge of house,

Elder brother is liver and little sister is a gallbladder,

To separate liver from gallbladder is very hard.

“正是杏花二月天”是百姓在代代相传中锤炼出来的,不像尕俗话但道出了花儿上“感于哀乐,缘事而发”的语言环境,人民自己的声音。“牵牛花扯上了房檐”才是尕俗话,两句紧连,民间文学气氛很浓。肝胆相照,不能分离是主题,“想者歌其思”显得完整自然。

29. 丝线扎成个枕头了

丝线扎(哈)个枕头了

你我的婚姻(哈)扎稳了

活像个麻绳蘸水了

浪头上越打越紧了

WE HAVE EMBROIDERED PILLOW WITH SILK THREAD

We have embroidered pillow with silk thread

The marriage between you and I(me)has decided

It is as if flax rope soaked in water,

The stronger it rains,the tighter rope soaks on the waves.

“丝线(哈)扎成枕头了”“婚姻扎稳了”这些方言背后常常包含着当地的风俗习惯。河州的姑娘结婚前娘家人要扎好枕头并给婆家主要成员做好鞋,因为是方言习俗,这些话语没有造作,没有艺饰,凭胸直臆,形象生动,是最自然最原始的话语。我们可以从近距离观察到当时特定社会的特定环境里的精神状态和人物的典型性格。

30. 东山里的日头西山里落

东山里的日头西山里落

心里有话没处说

难死我,难过死我

THE SUN IN THE EAST SETS IN THE WEST

The sun in the east sets in the west,

There was no man whom I talked about heart to heart.

Let me feel unhappy,unhappy!Feel very bad!

这是首洮岷州式的陇东六盘山区的回族花儿,结构顿数整齐有力。“心里有话没处说”是潜在的没有情人的情歌,这也是丝绸之路上的“干腔花儿”。这里的文化,经过融合,冲撞的形象明显,这是洮岷州花儿向东的变种。花儿在甘肃的脚步迈得很大。

31. 布怎么配上绸子

天上拉云地扯雾

雾淹住了峡口子

尕妹是绸子阿哥是布

布怎么配上绸子

HOW DOES CLOTH MAKE A PAIR WITH SILK FABRIC

Cloud is surging in the sky and it is misting on the ground,

Mist has flooded the fiord.

Little sister is silk fabric and I am cloth,

How does cloth make a pair with silk fabric.

“天上拉云地扯雾”说它是花儿的尕俗话可以,说它是作家文学语言也可以,作家文学常常是民间文学的沃土中生长出来的,民间文学与作家文学的关系是你中有我,我中有你。峡口子就是峡弯,峡湾在这里的“fiord”为挪威词语。

32. 阿哥是阳山的白藤条

阿哥是阳山的白藤条

尕妹是阴山的红樱桃

白藤缠上了红樱桃

尕姑舅亲啊

千万年(者)不开交

THOUSANDS OF YEARS THEY SHOULDN"T OPEN

The white rattan of the south of hill is elder brother,

The red cherry of the north of hill is my little sister.

The white rattan has twined the red cherry—my little sister,

Thousands of years they shouldn"t open.

花儿中常用些对称对偶等描写手法以加强语句的映衬感和主体感,这里阿哥与尕妹、阳山与阴山、白藤条与红樱桃、千年与万年均为对偶对称,使结构显得整齐,读来颇有韵味。

33. 吃葱要吃(个)葱根哩

吃葱要吃(个)葱根哩

吃它的葱秧(者)咋哩

维人要维(个)人心哩

管它的模样(者)咋哩

YOU MUST EAT AN ONION BULB

You must eat an onion bulb,

Why did you eat the leaves of onion?

You should maintain popular morale,being in love with heart,

Why did you consider the appearance?

朴实的老百姓早就懂得真正的美是心灵的美、气质的美。An onion bulb是葱头,一般认为是葱根,maintain popular morale是交有心之人即有品德的人,一首古老的民歌确有崭新的思想。

34. 心里急抓抓的

天爷阴(者)雨要下

石头上麻拉拉的

跟前跟后你没话

心里急抓抓的。

I WAS IMPATIENT AND IMPATIENT,IN MIND

It was a cloudy day and no rain,

The stone was rough and rough.

I followed you wherever and you were no words

I was impatient and impatient,in my mind

在这首民歌中“麻拉拉”可用“adj. +adj.”表示,“急抓抓”也可用“a. + a.”表示。在英语中,重迭是一种修辞手法,如作家文学中的“秋雨绵绵”、“风雨凄凄”可译为“The autumn rain goes on and on”,这里用“prep. and prep.”表示。“The wind and the rainare cold,cold”,这里用“adj. + adj.”来表示。

35. 阿哥是天上的一朵云

阿哥是天上的一朵云

尕妹是地上的花丛丛

一阵风后雨(哈)走了

尕肉肉呀

雨不洒花花阿么(者)红

ELDER BROTHER IS A CLOUD IN THE SKY

Elder brother is a cloud in the sky,

Little sister is the flower bed on the ground,

The rain goes after a puff of wind,

How should the flower be red without watering flower.

洒花即浇花,water作名词是水,作动词是浇,洒泪告别可译为“take a tearful leave”,一个洒字在具体话语中有多种译法,但最重要的是审其意,取其文采,“洒花”比“浇花”有文采。

36. 上去高山望平川

上去高山(者)望平川

平川里有一朵牡丹

看去时容易(者)摘取时难

摘不到手里时枉然

CLIMB UP ON THE HILLTOPS

Climb up on the hilltops

And gaze for the plain fields,

There is a tree peony there.

Easy to see over,

and hard to pick it,

Can"t pick in my hands in vain.

这是一首“花儿”精品。“花儿”是西北甘青宁一带流行最广、时间最长的传统民歌,它的更多表现手法是“兴、比”,以“兴、比”诉说事情。这首歌是“花儿”的传家宝,妇孺皆知。“花儿”更多的是表述爱情的。“枉然”是方言,也是古汉语,我们常常可以从民间文学的字里行间找到古汉语的影子。

37. 回声(哈)绕过山弯子

阿哥长的是金嗓子

尕妹长的是银嗓子

豁牙的口口里唱曲子

回声(哈)绕过了山弯子

THE ECHOES…

The elder brother has a golden-voice,

The little sister has a silver-voice,

They sing at the opening of mountains,

The echoe linger in the winding mountain.

“回声绕过了山弯子”,这里表述的是绵绵情意,含蓄形象。含蓄地延伸、动态地思维,这是一种以描绘客体形象完成本体感情的表现手法,贴切、生动。

38. 望不见哥家的树了

雪花下着满地了

看不见哥家的路了

云彩儿低得盖地了

看不见哥家的树了

CAN"T SEE…