书城外语英译漫谈及“花儿”译赏
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第13章 花儿译赏及西北民歌译介(1)

第一节“花儿”译赏

1. 保安人的腰刀砸着响(者)哩

蓝蓝的天上白云跳着哩

白云下边羊群走着哩

羊群里挡羊娃的鞭炮飞着哩,

保安人的腰刀砸着响(者)哩

THE BANAN"S PEOPLE ARE POUNDING THE WAIST KNIFE

The white cloud is running in the blue sky,

A flock of sheep is walking under the white cloud,

The hersboy is sounding a whip

The bonan"s people are pounding the waist knife

保安族是唯一在甘肃的少数民族有语言没有文字,保安语中汉语借词很多,其民间文学有宴席曲、哭嫁歌、民歌等,民歌花儿有保安曲令。

这首花儿写了保安族的天、保安族的地与保安族人民的劳动和生活。蓝蓝的天上白云飘,白云下面羊群跑,挡羊娃娃的鞭炮没有声音,却扔得很远很远,原来这鞭炮是远程阻挡羊群的工具,就是用绳子甩的赶羊鞭。

保安族的腰刀一般是食用餐具,不是武器。它是保安族的精美工艺品,誉满中外,保安腰刀是保安族的骄傲,保安族的精神,保安族的气质。

2. 三岁娃哼着花儿走

大夏河水清悠悠

清悠悠,

穿过花儿故乡河州城里头,

花儿故乡花儿稠,

三岁娃娃哼着花儿走。

A BABY BOY IS HUMMING…

Daxia river seems to drag,

Seems to drag,

It crosses Hezhou city—Huar"s home

Huar is thick in the city of Huar,

Huar is thick

A baby boy is always humming Huar

walking about

大夏河确实清悠悠地淌过花儿的故乡河州城。“河水清悠”、“花儿稠”、“三岁娃娃哼着花儿走”,一副动态画面。“稠”像作家文学的字眼,“哼着花儿走”才是民间文学的俗话。民间文学中常可以看到作家文学的影子。

3. 兰州的茯茶(哈)喝惯了

兰州的茯茶(哈)喝惯了

尕纸烟抽成个瘾了

你的这里来惯了

不来时由不得我了

I USED TO DRINKING THE BRICK TEA……

I used to drinking the brick tea of Lanzhou,

I was too fond of the little cigarette,

I used to comeing here,

I shouldn"t but com here without coming here.

“不来由不得我了”这就是爱情的魔力,爱情是藏不住的,拴不住,也砍不掉的怪物,其实爱情是人生一段漫长的路程,情人们先初牵着手走,末了还要搀扶着走,要学会走这段路。

4. 长饭又连肉拌了

农民生活改变了

顿顿吃开长饭了

长饭又连肉拌了

NOODLES ARE MIXED WITH MEAT AGAIN

The life of peasant has changed well,

They have eaten noodles three times a day,

Noodles is mixed with meat well.

这里所反映的是以人为本的政策,人民生活的改变,同时也提出了人民民俗心理意识,民间文学与民俗学有着密切的关系。民间文学的美也在于它与语言学、方言学、民族学、民俗学、政治经济学捆绑在一起,它渗透着各种学科。

5. 核桃树开花人没见

核桃树开花人没见,

核桃(哈)这么大了

我俩相好的人没见

虚名声(哈)这么大了

NO MAN SEES THE WALNUT—TREES BLOSSOM

No man sees the walnut—trees blossom,

How does the walnut is so large.

No man knows we are in love,

How does a normal reputation is so high.

爱情是私人秘密,但这世界从来没有过秘密,因为“walls have ears”(隔墙有耳)。

6. 河州是花儿的老家

哎!漫一着花儿了问句话

花儿的老家是阿达

哎!花儿本是尕俗话

河州是花儿的老家

HEZHOU IS THE DEAR HOME OF HUAER

Ha!To sing Huaer and ask you some words

Where is the dear home of Huaer

Ha!Huaer is a common saying originally

Hezhou is the dear home of Huaer

你从哪里来,哪里有你的亲情,哪里就是你的家。花儿里有民族学、方言学、语言学、宗教学和民俗学,所以河州是花儿的家,这里能找到地域文学的艺术特征和美学的功能。

7. 尕拉鸡有个双冠子

尕拉鸡有个双冠子

墙头叫鸣(着)哩

尕妹穿的蓝衫子

大门上耀人着哩

GALA COCK HAS A PAIR OF COMB

Gala cock has a pair of comb,

It cries at the top of wall.

The little sister wears in blue,

She stands at gate to dazzle eyes in itself.

爱美,展示美是人之常情。美是文学,特别是民间文学的珍珠,世界需要爱,世界也需要美。

8. 阿哥要豁出个命来

铁匠们打(者)个刀子来

皮匠们捎(者)个鞘来

尕妹妹拿出(个)实心来

阿哥们豁出(个)命来

ELDER BROTHERS WANT TO RISK OUR LIFE

Blacksmiths want to forge a knife,

Cobblers want to take a sheath to me;

Little sister wants to be honest,

Elder brothers want to risk our life.

“精诚所至,金石为开”,爱情是纯真的,只有“拿出心来”才有“豁出命来”,这是爱情的宣言,也是花儿的社会学价值,是花儿真正的美。

9. 出门是有什么好处哩

尕马儿拉在柳林里

柳林有什么草哩

你口口声声出门哩

出门有什么好哩

WHAT ADVANTAGE DO YOU HAVE…

You want to lead the little horse to the willow forest,

What grasses does the willow forest have?

You want to say again and again to be away from home,

What advantage do you have,being away from home?

爱情是生活,是权利,爱情的本性,也是人性。

10. 啥时开花结籽哩

正月里,春发哩

牡丹土里生芽哩

啥时开发结籽哩

WHEN DOES PEONY TREE BLOSSOM AND GET SEED

On January,in spring

Peony tree wants to grow in the field,

When does peony tree blossom and get seed?

这是首洮岷州民歌,它的主题,既在字面上又在诗歌意境里,像赋,直叙事物,实则是一赋到底的兴,它兴生机,兴生命的继续,又提升到诗的爱情境界里。

11. 天上的星星出全了

哎!天上的星星出全了

牛郎星格外亮了

尕妹的模样长全了

(阿哥的肉呀!)

眉毛(哈)香头(啦)画了

ALL STARS IN THE SKY IS OUT

Ha!All stars in the sky is out

The herd-boy stars shine very brightly

Little sister has delicate features

Her eyebrows is drawn by incense ash

这是河州花儿三令曲调,可独唱,可合唱,可随时即兴地对唱,具有广泛的民族性和群众性。“阿哥的肉呀”是衬词,是对方的爱称,是音乐的需要,是情感的需要。用香头画眉是特定环境里的特定性格,是民俗生活,反映了民俗学在民歌中的价值和作用。

12. 我连你的魂说话

莲花山红心柳是两张杈

走了你把魂留下

我连你的魂说话

I WANT TO TALK WITH YOUR SOUL

Two wooden fork of red willow of LianHua mountain

Has gone and left your soul

I want to talk with your soul

这首是洮岷州花儿,一般三句话,四、五句以上的少,从这些长短句中我们可以看到乐词的影子。

这里的“魂”是爱情的希望和延伸的艺术表现手段。莲花山花儿的地方特色是格律平稳、声调高昂,有典型的野曲风味。

13. 她是草尖上的露水

大豆儿开花是满地黑

小豆儿开花是对对

旁人的尕妹你不要眼黑

(金点花儿开哟)

她是草尖上的露水

(金点花儿开哟)

SHE IS A DEWDROP AT THE TOP OF GRASS

The flower of broad beans is full of ground,

The bean flowers are in pair.

You aren"t covetous of the other little sister,

(Jindian flowers blossom)

She is a dewdrop at the top of grass,

(Jindian flowers blossom)

“金点花儿开哟”是衬句,是不同曲令的要求,不同地方花儿风格的标志,它丰富和扩大了花儿的延伸和发展曲调曲式的完整性。

14. 山歌唱成海洋哩

风刮杨柳树摆哩

莲花山上浪夕哩

山歌唱成海洋哩

THE FOLK SONG IS SUNG LIKE SEAS MOUNTAIN HIGH

A cold wind is blowing and willow tree is waving,

We travel and spent well on the Lianhua mountain

The folk song is sung like seas mountain high

这首是洮岷州花儿,以“风刮杨柳树摆哩”起兴,以“哩”一韵到底,有叙事、写景、抒情,也有文采诗意。

15. 牡丹开罢叶不跌

麻一架,一架麻

你是酥油我是茶

菊花碗里倒一搭

青枝枝,绿叶叶

你是牡丹我是叶

牡丹开罢叶不跌

LEAVES HAVEN"T FALL AFTER THE PEONY FLOWER ENDS OFF

One flan and flan"s one

You are butter and I am tea,

We mix butter with tea in a bowl,

Green branches and blue leaves

You are peony and I am leaf,

Leaves haven"t fallen after peony flower ends off

莲花山花儿的第一句是倒顺词句,主要起韵律作用。“倒一搭”、“叶不跌”是主题句,朴实纯真,具有人格美。

16. 野鸡娃飞了(者)鹰没飞

野鸡娃飞了(者)鹰没飞

鹰没飞啊

鹰飞时铃铛响哩

尕身材回了(者)心没回

心没回啊

心回时咋这么想哩

哎!就是个话呀

心回时(哟)咋这么想哩

GALA COCK HAS FLOWN BUT EAGLE HASN"T

Gala cock has flown but eagle hasn"t,

Eagle has not flown,

The bell rings while it is flying

Little body has been back but her thought hasn"t elsewhere,

Her thought hasn"t elsewhere,

How does she think so while thought has been back

Ha!This word is ture,indeed

How does she think so while her thought has been back

这首花儿尾句扩充,又像突出衬句,重复唱词,加深感情,使语句起伏,演唱灵活。“she herself is here but her thought is elsewhere”(她人在这儿而心不),心不在这就是思想不在。

17. 积石山上的灵芝草

积石山上的灵芝草

它治了万人的病了

改革开放的政策好

百姓们高兴(者)笑了

PEOPLE IS GLAD TO LAUGH

There is kind of glossy ganoderma grass on the Jishi mountain,

Thousands of people are cured of disease;

Reform and opening are a good policy,

People is glad to laugh.

这首是新花儿。运用“现成词组”(包括方言、土语)写就的花儿。运用大量“现成词组”,是口头文学创作的特点,这可以加速民间文学特别是民歌的创作速度。

18. 没知道肉儿们哄的

豆儿尕来尕豆儿

没知道豆儿们滚的

肉儿尕来尕肉儿

没知道肉儿们哄的

I DON"T KNOW(THAT)LITTLE SISTER CHEAT THE OTHERS

Bean smallness and small bean

I don"t know the bean can roll in itself

Sister litter and little sister

I don"t know the litter sister can cheat the others

“尕肉儿”是对女方的爱称,如“阿哥的肉”。尕豆能自滚,尕肉儿能哄人,并不新鲜,新鲜的是“尕豆儿”和“尕肉儿”的富有强烈感情。尕俗语的叫法,尕俗话生动,情深含蓄。

19. 不唱花儿咋来了

这山高嘛那山高

你从山上下来了

不唱花儿咋来了

WHY SHOULD YOU COME HERE…

Is this mountain high or is that…

You have come down from the mountain

Why should you come here without singing Huar?