书城外语英译漫谈及“花儿”译赏
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第16章 花儿译赏及西北民歌译介(4)

A couple of pigeons are flying under the cliff.

They are in blue,

I have lived this world for many years,

We make a comfortable living this year.

这首花儿表达了农民在改革开放后生活改善对社会主义充满了愉快的心情。鸽子轻快飞翔的景象空间开阔,形象优美,衬托了主题深度和情感的谐调。

60.血痂儿结在嘴上

雨点儿落在石头上

雪花儿飘在水上

相思病得在心肺上

血痂儿结在嘴上

THE DROPS O RAIN…

Drops of rain fall on the stone,

Snowflakes float on the water;

Lovesick affected her lungs,

Scab is crusted on her lips.

从嘴唇上的血痂揭示相思病的深度可谓贴切,语言朴实生动,泥土气息浓,感情丰富。前两句从大自然的景象紧扣思考感情达到一定的艺术效果。

61.一对白马沿山跟过

一对白马沿山跟过

我当成山上的雾了

心上的尕妹地边里坐

我当成白牡丹树了

I REGARD HER AS TREE PEONY

A couple of white horses run along the hill,

I regard them as mist on the hill.

My little sister in my heart sits besides the fields,

I regard her as the white tree peony.

花儿的“兴”是开头的意思。“触物以起情”是“兴”的艺术表现手法即塑造艺术形象的构思方法。这首歌的“兴”客体与主体配合得非常协调、自然,感染力强。

62.晚夕里想你心疼

日头上来胭脂红

月亮上来水清

白天想你肝花疼

晚夕想你心疼

MY HEART ACHES…

Sun rises like family rose,

Moon rises like clear water.

My liver aches terribly for missing you by day,

My heart aches terribly for missing you at night.

这首歌思念的主体是从兴式的构思开始的。这种形式本身是美的,显得整齐、完好,拉近了同主体间的距离,起到了烘云托月的作用。

63.笑眼里说实话呢

大燕麦出穗是索罗罗吊

歇地里种芝麻哩

一对的大眼睛水话话笑

笑眼里说实话哩

SHE SPEAKS

The oaten flowers are hangs.

We plant the sesame in the fields,stopping to rest

A pair of large eyes laugh brightly,

She should speak true word from her laughing eyes

“索罗罗吊”与“水话话笑”的构词方式相对应。Hangs是名词+s 的重迭方式。这首歌里不仅句式对应,而且构词也对应,这在“花儿”里是惯用手法。

64.我当成照人的镜子了

长把梨长在树枝上

我当成包核的杏了

尕妹妹走在地边上

我当成照人的镜子了

I REGARD HER AS…

Pear grows on the branch,

I regard it as apricot.

The little sister walks the side of fields,

I regard her as a mirror.

这首“花儿”表现了歌者对意中人的赞美,镜子一样的明亮招人喜爱,前两句在景象的形式上和后两句类同,这是比式构思,侧重形式类同。

65.尕妹是冰糖阿哥是茶

尕妹是冰糖阿哥是茶

茶淡冰糖是不甜

尕妹是河水阿哥是鱼

鱼离河水是不成

FISH COULDN"T LIVE…

Little sister is crystal sugar

and the elder brother is tea,

Tea shouldn"t sweet without the crystal sugar

Little sister is river

And the elder brother is a fish,

Fish couldn"t live without water.

这首“花儿”表现的男女爱情达到难分难离的精神状态,这种情绪是从整体完成的类似排比,这种表现手法是相对应型的比式构思。

66.右手擦了个眼泪

阳山里长的是干枝梅

阴山里长的紫葵

左手抓了个小阿哥

右手擦了个眼泪

I WIPE THE TEAR AWAY…

Yangshan grows the winter sweet

Yinshan grows sunflower

I catch hold of the little brother with my left hand

I wipe tears away with my right hand

这首“花儿”表述的是恋中见面时的激情行为。前两句与后两句仅在韵律上弥合,但在内容上是割合,这是“花儿”原始的雏形,是形体对应式的兴的构思方式。

67.下马者哭给了两场

尕马儿骑上枪背上

照林棵打给了两枪

枪子落在了花儿上

下马者哭给了两场

RIDE A HORSE…

Ride a horse and shoulder a gun and

Shoot a bullet to the woods,

A bullet has fallen on the flower

Get off a horse and weep with pain two times.

68. 兰州有我的什么呢

唐汪川有个扯船哩

牛心山有个洞哩

东乡里有我的扯心哩

兰州城有我的啥哩

I HAVE NOTHING IN LANZHOU

There is a pulling ship at Tanwang Plain,

There is a hole on Niuxin mountains.

I yearn for my sweet heart who lives there,

I have nothing in Lanzhou.

“扯心”是思念、想念,思念情人是一直装在心里的故事。“花儿”是心里的老实话。民歌之可贵在于真实,真实是艺术的灵魂。这是人生、生活过程中的重要组成部分,永恒的主题。

69.天上的乌云滚翻了

天上的乌云滚翻了

雷三声

下了场大雨了

阿哥出门(者)走运了

叫三声

清眼泪不由得淌了

THE DARK DLOUDS IN THE SKY ROLLED AND ROLED

Dark clouds in the sky rolled and rolled,

It was thundering three times

It rains cats and dogs.

Little brother went out a long way,

Calling him three times

Tears could not but flow.

眼泪是心中的油,没有激情哀伤是流不出来的,爱情的眼泪总是激情的主流。爱情总在生活中,生活总在人生画面中。

70.心上的“花儿”(哈)漫来

山上的鹿羔下山来

下山(者)喝一趟水来

胆子放大了我跟前来

心上的花儿(哈)漫来

SING THE HUAR IN YOUR HEART

Deer on high hills run down a hill

and drink water

You should come here boldly

and sing the har in your heart

爱情的决定常在女方,只要女方点头,爱情大门就打开了,这是男女皆知的规律。“花儿”里自然有所表现,但从鹿羔下山喝水起“兴”,生活显得丰富、生动。

71.她耀醒了过路的少年

热头上来(者)照山川

羊儿们喜欢的是草滩

大路边站的是红牡丹

阿哥的肉啊

她耀醒了过路的少年

SHE DAZZLED THE EARLY YOUTH…

Sun rises and shines on the land

Sheep like grass.

Red peony stood by the side of road.

My dear little sister

She dazzled the early youth passing through here

“阿哥的肉”是花儿的衬词。衬词、衬句在“花儿”里有其重要的地位,是组成部分。它可以提示情绪、揭示主题。衬词与曲令有关,如《白牡丹令》的衬词是“阿哥是白牡丹”,《尕马令》的衬词是“尕马儿拉回者来哟”。少年可译为early youth,“阿哥的肉”译为my dear little sister。

“热头”是方言,指太阳。

72. 孤孤单单没浪头

天上的云彩往南走

地下的河水往东流

唱个花儿没个好对手

孤孤单单没浪头

I FEEL LONELY TO GO HOME

Clouds in the sky flows to the south,

River on the ground flows to the east,

There is no opposition to sing Huar

I feel lonely to go home

“花儿”会是对唱“花儿”的唱把式聚会,有莲花山、松呜岩等会,会上各路唱把式大显身手,即兴对歌,这首歌反映了演唱的冷清。“浪头”是方言,游玩之意。

73.好不过富民的路线

太子山上的阳山对阴山

好不过放羊的草山

革命路上的这线和那线,

好不过富民的路线

THE POLICY OF ENRICHING THE PEOPLE IS THE BEST LIVE-ROAD

Shining of Taizi mountain faces to the shade,

This is the best mountain for herding sheep

There are two lines

on the revolutionary road.

The policy of enriching the people is the best.

这是一首用“花儿”的结构和艺术形式创作出的新花儿,它具有具体的可感性的生活画面。这里有作者的生活感受、认识和评价。它是生活图景和作者思想感情的统一体。这是政策熔铸的结果,这是以人为本的体现。

“花儿”的歌词可说成短小的抒情诗,它的表现手法一般是先“兴”后比,即先言他物以引起所咏之词。“花儿”主题是后两句,前两句是兴起或开头,这是“花儿”最基本的表现手法,是触物以起情式的艺术构思。

74.近看尕妹是牡丹

远看黄河是一条线

近看黄河是一个海边

远看尕妹是个藏金莲

近看尕妹是个牡丹

FROM WEE-NIGH THE LITTLE SISTER SEEMS TO BE A PEONY

At a distant the yellow river seems to be line,

From wee-nigh the yellow river seems to be sea bank,

At a distant the little sister seems to be lotos blossom

From wee-nigh the little sister seems to be a peony.

Wee:a. ,小小的;nigh:adv. ,prep,近(near to );from wee-nigh意为从近处,为介宾结构。At a distance为固定词组,介宾结构,意为“远”,为状语。“wee”和“nigh”均为古诗用词,译诗要注意相关词语,并要考虑文体。

75.费这个心思(者)咋哩

天上的云彩跑马哩

太子山拉雾是下哩

尕妹的心里有假哩

费这个心思(者)咋哩

I DEVOTE A LOT OF CARE TO HER-WHY

The clouds in the sky are like horse racing,

It is going to rain because of the mist on the Taizi mountain.

The little sister is false of heart,

I devote a lot of care to her—why.

爱情里惨不得半点虚假,这是平凡的真理。“花儿”里常常出现一些语助词,如“哈”、“哩”、“拉”等虚词衬字,这是“花儿”用词的独特之处,用它入令,用它成歌。

“心里有假”译成“be false of heart”,“费心”译为“devote a lot of care”,均为固定词组。

“云彩跑马”,“山里拉雾”,是用自然景物起“兴”。

76.野花好是败得早

要一道 两道要

家花好吗野花好

家花它好陪你到老

野花好是败得早

花呀 两叶儿

THE WILD FLOWER IS WITHERED EARLY

To want a path and two paths to be wanted

Is the home flower good or the wild flower?

Home flower is good and accompanies you in your life,

Wild flower is withered early.

(a flower two leaves)

这首是洮岷“花儿”。这类“花儿”流行于康乐、渭源、临潭等地,每年莲花山花儿会演唱的均为这类“花儿”,其内容以情歌为主,也有反映生产劳动、山川风光和历史宗教之类的。本首“要一道,两道要”,“花呀,两叶儿”为首尾固定结构,如“杆一根,两根杆”,“两口锅,锅两口”,首句与主题句同韵,这是洮岷“花儿”的一种特定形式。

77.清眼泪把腔子(哈)泡了

半园的锅锅里烙馍馍

蓝烟儿把庄子(哈)照了

搓个面手(者)送哥哥

清眼泪把腔子(哈)泡了。

MY CAVITY WAS STEEPED BY THE CLEAR TEARS

Bread is baked in half a cauldron,

The village is covered with blue smoke.

I saw the elder brother off,rubbing down the flour with hands.

My cavity was steeped by the clear tears.

“搓着这面手(者)送哥哥”,“清眼泪把腔子(哈)泡了”,这是女人的真实生活,纯真的感情,生动形象、朴实。“哈”、“者”、“了”是“花儿”特有的语助词,表示方言,强化时态,增强音韵感。

78.牡丹开花罢叶不跌

表枝枝,绿叶叶

你是牡丹我是叶

牡丹开罢叶不跌