Why the Tortoise’s Shell is Not Smooth
词汇精解
cannon6 [..k .. n..n] n.① 大炮，加农炮；② (战斗机等的) 机关炮v.炮轰
cunning [..k..ni..] ad j.狡猾的，巧妙的，< 美> 漂亮的，可爱的n.狡猾，诡诈
[ 同义] c rafty ，t ricky ，sly ，wily ，a rt ful
[ 反义] ingenuous
[ 辨析] cunning；cr afty；tricky；sly；wily；ar tful cunning 指借助某种阴谋诡计或秘密手段迂回达到自己的目的，而不是真正的智力；cr afty 指阴谋诡计的运用比cunning 要高一些；tricky 指人卑鄙，不择手段，具有诡计多端、不可靠的意思；sly 指不坦率，为人处事偷偷摸摸，有话不直说，乐于搞幕后交易等等；wily 指为达目的不择手段，甜言蜜语，奸滑而狡诈；a rt ful 指处事圆滑而有手段。
delectable [di..lekt..bl ] adj.① (食物等) 美味的② 使人愉快的
[ 考点] a delectable meal 美餐
dutifully [ dju..tif..li ] adv.①恭顺地②忠于职守地，本分地
dye4 [ dai] n.染料，染色
vt.染；给.染色
[ 考点] a synthetic dye 合成染料
[ 例句] She dyed her hai r (black).
eloquent6 [..el..kw..nt ] ad j.①有说服力的，雄辩的②富于表情的，意味深长的(of)
[ 同义] a r ticulate，voluble
[ 辨析] a r ticulate；voluble
a r ticulate (说话、发音) 清晰的；(人) 能清晰表达想法的；voluble 健谈的，说话口若悬河的
[ 考点] an eloquent speech 有说服力的演讲be eloquent (up) on sth.对某事变得能言善辩
[ 例句] 1 ) Eyes are more eloquent than lips.
2 ) The healthy appea rance of the children is eloquent of the wealth of the na tion.
failing [..feili..] n.失败，缺点，弱点，过失
[ 同义] flaw ，fault ，shor tcoming ，imperfection
[ 反义] perfection
[ 辨析] failing；flaw；shortcoming；fault；imperfection failing 表示一个较大的shortcoming ，它会引起较严重的后果；flaw 缺点，瑕疵，是最普通的，表示存在或出现了某种破坏完好统一体的因素；shortcoming 缺点，短处，表示在其他方面都很完美的统一体中的某个失误；fault 通常指存在事物本身内在的东西，而且不是外界加给它的；imperfection 不完善，有缺陷，强调不完善和缺乏条理，而不太强调故障。
[ 例句] The lack of convincing evidence that is the book’s main failing.
faithfully [..fei..f..li] adv.忠诚地，如实地，切实遵守地，忠实可靠的
famine4 [..f .. min] n.饥荒，< 古> 饥饿，严重的缺乏
[ 例句] Some pa rts of the wor ld suffe r regularly from famine.
feast6 [fi..st ] n.盛宴，筵席，宴会，酒席，节日vt.盛宴，款待，享乐，请客vi.参加宴会，享受盛宴
[ 同义] dinner ，banquet
[ 辨析] dinner；banquet；feast
dinner 一般指晚餐，晚宴；banquet 正式的宴会(为特别的事情举办，会中有祝酒或演讲)；feast 指丰盛的宴会。
[ 考点] hold (give ) a feast 举行盛宴
a t a wedding feast 在结婚宴席上
a feast of fat things 山珍海味的筵席
a feast of Lantern (中国) 灯节，元宵节
grumble [....r..mbl ] v.抱怨，发牢骚
[ 同义] complain ，repine ，bewail ，whine，gripe
[ 考点] grumble about (at )
grumble over 为某事发牢骚
[ 例句] He was grumbling about his salary.
hoe [ h..u] n.锄头
v.用锄耕地，锄
hut4 [ h..t ] n.小屋，棚屋
[ 考点] a gras s hut 茅舍
invitation4 [ invi..tei..n] n.邀请，招待
[ 同义] request ，appeal
[ 考点] a t/ upon/ on the invitation of sb.应.的邀请
an invitation to dinner 宴会请帖
[ 例句] One yea r ago ，I had an invitation to go and talk to cadets at West Point.
mat4 [ m .. t ] n.席子，小地毯
[ 考点] welcome mat (门口的) 擦鞋垫
on the mat 被上级训斥；受责备
mischievous* [..mist..iv..s ] ad j.有害的，恶作剧的，淘气的
[ 同义] naughty ，disobedient
[ 辨析] naughty；disobedient；mischievous
naughty 一般形容小孩的不端行为；disobedient 没有服从，拒绝执行；mischievous 形容顽皮，戏谑，讨人厌的行为，是孩子在某一时期都会有的性情。
murmur6 [..m....m..] n.低沉连续的声音，咕哝，怨言，低语
v.发低沉连续的声音，发怨言，低声说，低语嘟哝
[ 考点] murmur against (at ) 对.发牢骚
[ 例句] They murmur at the t reatment they had r eceived.
orator [....r..t..] n.演说者，演讲者，雄辩家，[ 律] 原告，请愿人
[ 考点] a ready orator 应答如流的演说家
a budding orator 初露头角的演说家
a dramatic orator 激动人心的演说家
a boy orator 少年雄辩家
palm4 [ p....m] n.手掌，棕榈树，(象征胜利的) 棕榈叶
vt.与.握手，藏.于掌中，蒙混
[ 考点] grease/ gild/ oil/ tickle sb .’s palm 向某人行贿
have an itching palm 贪财，贪贿
bear (ca rry off) the palm 得胜，夺魁，居首位
yield the palm to 承认输给. ，承认不如.好
[ 例句] He carried off the palm by sheer pe rsever ance.
peck [ pek] n.啄痕，许多，配克(容量单位，等于2 加仑) vt.啄食vi.啄，吹毛求疵，啄食，扔石头v.< 口> 吃一点点
[ 考点] peck at 啄，敲击，凿
peck sth.out of a hole 从洞中把某物挖出
[ 例句] My wife keeps pecking at me.
plumage [..plu..mid..] n.鸟类羽毛，鸟的全身羽毛，翅膀
[ 例句] A peacock has brilliant plumage.
preparation4 [ prep....rei..n] n.准备，预备
[ 同义] a rrangement ，readines s
[ 考点] be in prepa ration 在准备中
in preparation for 为.作准备
make preparation for 为.准备
[ 例句] He did too little prepa ration for his examina tion.
rattle [..r .. tl ] v.发出连续短促的声音，发出卡嗒卡嗒声，喋喋不休n.嘎吱声，喋喋不休的人
[ 同义] cla tter ，cr ackle ，pat ter ，rumble
[ 考点] ra ttle away (on/ along) 喋喋不休地讲ra ttle off 滔滔不绝地讲
[ 例句] He r attled off the names of the cities he had visited.
shell4 [..el ] n.贝壳，壳，外形，炮弹
vt.去壳，脱落，炮轰
vi.剥落，脱壳
[ 考点] in the shell 尚未成熟
go into one’s shell 变得害羞，不与人交往
[ 例句] As a writer he is still in the shell.
spear6 [ spi..] n.矛，枪
spite4 [ spait ] n.不顾，不管，敌意
[ 同义] despite
[ 考点] in spite of = (in) despite of 不顾，不管
[ 例句] We succeeded in s pite of all difficulties.
tortoise [..t....t..s] n.龟，迟缓的人
[ 辨析] tur tle；tor toise
tur tle 海龟；tor toise 指栖于陆地和淡水的陆龟。
[ 考点] set the tortoise to catch the ha re 做不可能做到的事情
[ 例句] The tortoise wins the race while the hare is sleeping.
yam [ j .. m] n.①山药，洋芋②番薯，红薯
escape someone’s notice 逃过某人的眼睛
[ 例句] Young people often desire to escape from thei r pa rents’notice.
jump to one’s feet 突然站起
[ 例句] He jumped to his feet and r an to the door.
let oneself go 让.自由地移动或下降
[ 例句] She let herself go and skied down the hill.
rest assured (that ) 请放心
[ 例句] You can rest as sured that we will do our best.
slowly but surely 稳扎稳打
[ 例句] The troops ma rched forward slowly but surely.