43.太阳是否承担了雨的工作,爱斯库拉皮厄斯是否承担了果树(土地)的工作呢?每一颗星星又是怎样做的呢?它们是不同的,但是它们不也是为了共同的目的在一起努力吗?
44.如果神灵对于我以及注定发生在我身上的事情,已经做出了决定,那么他们的决定一定是合适的,因为很难想象没有远见卓识的神的存在。至于说对我的伤害,他们为什么会有这一目的呢?这样做对他们有什么好处,对神灵保佑的特殊对象——整体会有什么好处呢?但是即便他们对我没有做出个别的决定,至少他们一定为整体做出了安排,在这个总的安排里面依次发生的事情,我应当愉快地接受,并对它们感到满足。但如果他们任何事都没有决定——相信这一点其实很邪恶,但是如果我们真的相信了这一点,我们就不会祭祀,不会向神灵祈祷或起誓,相信神灵就在眼前并且与我们同在时我们会做的事情,现在全都不去做——但是如果神灵对于有关我们的事没有做任何安排,我就能够为自己做出决定,我就能够探寻有用的事物;那些与自己的构造与本性一致的事物,就是对每一个人有用的东西。我的本性是理性的、社会性的,如果我是安东尼,那么我的城市与国家就是罗马;但是作为一个人来讲,我的城市与国家就是这个世界。那么,对于这些城市有用的东西,对我来说也是有用的。
45.发生在每一个人身上的任何事情都是为了宇宙的利益:这应该就足够了。但是继而你会把这视为一个普遍真理,如果你遵循这一点,那么对任何一个人有益的东西也就对其他人有益了。但是在这里,“有益”这个词表达的是通常所说的意义,它是一个中性词,既非褒义,也非贬义。
46.正像在竞技场和类似的地方上演的情况一样,不断观看同一事物和相同场景使人厌倦,这一点应用在生活的全部也是一样,因为所有在上与在下的事物都是相同的,它们有着相同的来源,那么你打算看多久呢?
47.你持续思考会发现,所有种类的人、所有种类的追求和所有的国家都消亡了,而你的思想甚至可以追溯回菲力斯逊、菲伯斯、奥里更尼安。现在把你的思想转向其他类型的人,转向我们那个地方,那里有许多伟大的演说家;那里有许多高贵的哲学家:赫拉克利特、毕达哥拉斯和苏格拉底;那里有许多先代的英雄,以及其后追随他们的将军和暴君;除此以外,那里还有尤多克乌斯、希帕尔克斯、阿基米德等拥有伟大天赋与傲人头脑、热爱劳作、多才多艺并充满自信的人,他们嘲弄那些看不透生命转瞬即逝的人们,就像门尼帕斯和与他类似的人。想想这些,再想想他们都早已化为灰尘。那么这对他们有什么损害呢,这对完全没有留下名字的人们又有什么损害呢?在这里只有一件事有很大价值,那就是在真实与正义中度过你的一生,甚至对说谎者和不公正的人也保持友爱和善的态度。
48.当你打算行乐时,想想那些生活在你身边的人的美德,例如某人的勤奋,另一个人的谦逊,另一个人的宽容,以及其他人的好品质。因为生活在我们身边的人在道德中尽最大可能展现出很多美德,没有什么能比这更令人快乐了。因此,我们必须将这些美德摆在面前。
49.你体重只有那些,不够300利特内,我猜想你不会因此感到不满。那么,你只能活一些年数却不能活更长时间,你也不要感到不满,因为你应对分配给你的东西的数量感到满足,所以对你生命的时间也感到满足吧。
50.让我们努力去说服他们(人们)。但是当正义的原则指引我们反对他们的时候,我们就要违背他们的意志来行动。如果有人强行挡住了你的道路,你要使自己保持满足和宁静的状态,同时你要利用这些障碍训练出其他的德性,记住你的尝试是有所保留的,你不要试图去做不可能的事。那么你究竟应该要什么?这样的努力应该是你想要的东西。——如果你应该履行的事情被完成了,你就达到了你的目的。
50.一个热爱虚名的人会考虑让他人的行动对自己有利,那热爱享乐的人会考虑让他人的行动对自己的感觉有利,但是有领悟力的人则会考虑让自己的行为对自己有利。
52.对一件事不发表评论,使我们的灵魂不受到打扰,这是在我们能力范围之内的,因为事物本身并没有塑造我们想法的自然力量。
53.要习惯于做他人的聆听者,尽可能地用说话者的方式思考。
54.那对蜂群不利的东西,对蜜蜂来说也不会是好的。
55.如果水手辱骂舵手或者病人辱骂医生,他们还会听进别人的意见吗?这样的话,舵手怎能保证船上人的安全,医生又怎能保证他诊视的病患者的健康呢?
56.有多少与和我一同来到世界的人已经离开了人世。
57.对于黄疸病人来说,蜂蜜是苦的;对于狂犬病人来说,水是令人害怕的;对于孩子来说,球是好玩的东西。那么我为什么要生气呢?错误的观念都比不上黄疸病人体内的胆汁或狂犬病人体内的毒素有力量,你是否会这样想呢?
58.没有任何人能够阻止你按照自己本性的理智来生活,没有任何与宇宙本性理智相违背的事会发生在你身上。
59.人们想要取悦的是哪一类人呢?是为了什么目的,是通过何种手段来取悦他们呢?时间将迅速地掩埋一切事物,而它已经掩埋了多少事物啊!
1. The Substance of the universe is obedient and compliant; and the reason which governs it has in itself no cause for doing evil, for it has no malice, nor does it do evil to anything, nor is anything harmed by it. But all things are made and perfected according to this reason.
2. Let it make no difference to thee whether thou art cold or warm, if thou art doing thy duty; and whether thou art drowsy or satisfied with sleep; and whether ill-spoken of or praised; and whether dying or doing something else. For it is one of the acts of this life, this act by which we die; it is sufficient then in this act also to do well what we have in hand (vi. 22, 28).
3. Look within. Let neither the peculiar quality of anything nor its value escape thee.
4. All existing things soon change, and they will either be reduced to vapour, if indeed all substance is one, or they will be dispersed.
5. The reason which governs knows what its own disposition is, and what it does, and on what material it works.
6. The best way of avenging thyself is not to become like [the wrong doer].
7. Take pleasure in one thing and rest in it, in passing from one social act to another social act, thinking of God.
8. The ruling principle is that which rouses and turns itself, and while it makes itself such as it is and such as it wills to be, it also makes everything which happens appear to itself to be such as it wills.
9. In conformity to the nature of the universe every single thing is accomplished, for certainly it is not in conformity to any other nature that each thing is accomplished, either a nature which externally comprehends this, or a nature which is comprehended within this nature, or a nature external and independent of this (xi. 1; vi. 40; viii. 50).
10. The universe is either a confusion, and a mutual involution of things, and a dispersion; or it is unity and order and providence. If then it is the former, why do I desire to tarry in a fortuitous combination of things and such a disorder? and why do I care about anything else than how I shall at last become earth? and why am I disturbed, for the dispersion of my elements will happen whatever I do. But if the other supposition is true, I venerate, and I am firm, and I trust in him who governs (iv. 27).
11. When thou hast been compelled by circumstances to be disturbed in a manner, quickly return to thyself and do not continue out of tune longer than the compulsion lasts; for thou wilt have more mastery over the harmony by continually recurring to it.
12. If thou hadst a step-mother and a mother at the same time, thou wouldst be dutiful to thy step-mother, but still thou wouldst constantly return to thy mother. Let the court and philosophy now be to thee step-mother and mother; return to philosophy frequently and repose in her, through whom what thou meetest with in the court appears to thee tolerable, and thou appearest tolerable in the court.
13. When we have meat before us and such eatables, we receive the impression, that this is the dead body of a fish, and this is the dead body of a bird or of a pig; and again, that this Falernian is only a little grape juice, and this purple robe some sheep’s wool dyed with the blood of a shell-fish: such then are these impressions, and they reach the things themselves and penetrate them, and so we see what kind of things they are. Just in the same way ought we to act all through life, and where there are things which appear most worthy of our approbation, we ought to lay them bare and look at their worthlessness, and strip them of all the words by which they are exalted. For outward show is a wonderful perverter of the reason, and when thou art most sure that thou art employed about things worth thy pains, it is then that it cheats thee most. Consider then what Crates says of Xenocrates himself.