First comes the promontory of Posilipo, pierced by two tunnels, partly natural and partly Greek and Roman work, above the entrance of one of which is the tomb of Virgil, let us believe; then a beautiful bay, the shore of which is incrusted with classic ruins.On this bay stands Pozzuoli, the ancient Puteoli where St.Paul landed one May day, and doubtless walked up this paved road, which leads direct to Rome.At the entrance, near the head of Posilipo, is the volcanic island of "shining Nisida," to which Brutus retired after the assassination of Caesar, and where he bade Portia good-by before he departed for Greece and Philippi: the favorite villa of Cicero, where he wrote many of his letters to Atticus, looked on it.Baiae, epitome of the luxury and profligacy, of the splendor and crime of the most sensual years of the Roman empire, spread there its temples, palaces, and pleasure-gardens, which crowded the low slopes, and extended over the water; and yonder is Cape Misenum, which sheltered the great fleets of Rome.
This region, which is still shaky from fires bubbling under the thin crust, through which here and there the sulphurous vapor breaks out, is one of the most sacred in the ancient world.Here are the Lucrine Lake, the Elysian Fields, the cave of the Cumean Sibyl, and the Lake Avernus.This entrance to the infernal regions was frozen over the day I saw it; so that the profane prophecy of skating on the bottomless pit might have been realized.The islands of Procida and Ischia continue and complete this side of the bay, which is about twenty miles long as the boat sails.
At Castellamare the shore makes a sharp bend, and runs southwest along the side of the Sorrentine promontory.This promontory is a high, rocky, diversified ridge, which extends out between the bays of Naples and Salerno, with its short and precipitous slope towards the latter.Below Castellamare, the mountain range of the Great St.
Angelo (an offshoot of the Apennines) runs across the peninsula, and cuts off that portion of it which we have to consider.The most conspicuous of the three parts of this short range is over four thousand seven hundred feet above the Bay of Naples, and the highest land on it.From Great St.Angelo to the point, the Punta di Campanella, it is, perhaps, twelve miles by balloon, but twenty by any other conveyance.Three miles off this point lies Capri.
This promontory has a backbone of rocky ledges and hills; but it has at intervals transverse ledges and ridges, and deep valleys and chains cutting in from either side; so that it is not very passable in any direction.These little valleys and bays are warm nooks for the olive and the orange; and all the precipices and sunny slopes are terraced nearly to the top.This promontory of rocks is far from being barren.
>From Castellamare, driving along a winding, rockcut road by the bay,--one of the most charming in southern Italy,--a distance of seven miles, we reach the Punta di Scutolo.This point, and the opposite headland, the Capo di Sorrento, inclose the Piano di Sorrento, an irregular plain, three miles long, encircled by limestone hills, which protect it from the east and south winds.In this amphitheater it lies, a mass of green foliage and white villages, fronting Naples and Vesuvius.
If nature first scooped out this nook level with the sea, and then filled it up to a depth of two hundred to three hundred feet with volcanic tufa, forming a precipice of that height along the shore, Ican understand how the present state of things came about.
This plain is not all level, however.Decided spurs push down into it from the hills; and great chasms, deep, ragged, impassable, split in the tufa, extend up into it from the sea.At intervals, at the openings of these ravines, are little marinas, where the fishermen have their huts' and where their boats land.Little villages, separate from the world, abound on these marinas.The warm volcanic soil of the sheltered plain makes it a paradise of fruits and flowers.
Sorrento, ancient and romantic city, lies at the southwest end of this plain, built along the sheer sea precipice, and running back to the hills,--a city of such narrow streets, high walls, and luxuriant groves that it can be seen only from the heights adjacent.The ancient boundary of the city proper was the famous ravine on the east side, a similar ravine on the south, which met it at right angles, and was supplemented by a high Roman wall, and the same wall continued on the west to the sea.The growing town has pushed away the wall on the west side; but that on the south yet stands as good as when the Romans made it.There is a little attempt at a mall, with double rows of trees, under that wall, where lovers walk, and ragged, handsome urchins play the exciting game of fives, or sit in the dirt, gambling with cards for the Sorrento currency.I do not know what sin it may be to gamble for a bit of printed paper which has the value of one sou.
The great ravine, three quarters of a mile long, the ancient boundary which now cuts the town in two, is bridged where the main street, the Corso, crosses, the bridge resting on old Roman substructions, as everything else about here does.This ravine, always invested with mystery, is the theme of no end of poetry and legend.Demons inhabit it.Here and there, in its perpendicular sides, steps have been cut for descent.Vines and lichens grow on the walls: in one place, at the bottom, an orange grove has taken root.There is even a mill down there, where there is breadth enough for a building; and altogether, the ravine is not so delivered over to the power of darkness as it used to be.It is still damp and slimy, it is true;but from above, it is always beautiful, with its luxuriant growth of vines, and at twilight mysterious.I like as well, however, to look into its entrance from the little marina, where the old fishwives arc weaving nets.