ACBAR, contemporary with Elizabeth, firmly established the Mogul rule in India; Aurungzebe (1659-1707) extended the Mogul Empire over South India.
Aislabie, Chancellor of the Exchequer; forfeited most of his huge profits.
Alexander VI., Pope, father of Lucretia and Caesar Borgia. He obtained his office by bribery and held it by a series of infamous crimes (d. 1503).
Alguazils, "a Spanish adaptation of the Arabic al-wazir, the minister and used in Spanish both for a justiciary and a bailiff." Here it implies cruel and extortionate treatment.
Allipore, a suburb of Calcutta.
Amadis, the model knight who is the hero of the famous mediaeval prose-romance of the same title. Of Portuguese origin, it was afterwards translated and expanded in Spanish and in French.
Aminta, a pastoral play composed by Tasso in 1581.
Antiochus and Tigranes, overthrown respectively by Pompey, B.C. 65, and Lucullus, B.C. 69.
Atahualpa, King of Peru, captured and put to death by Pizarro in 1532.
Atterbury, Bishop of Rochester and champion of the High Church and Tory party (1662-1732).
Aumils, district governors.
Aurungzebe, dethroned and succeeded Shah Jehan in 1658 (d. 1707).
Austrian Succession, War of (see the Essay on Frederic the Great, vol. v. of this edition).
BABINGTON, Anthony, an English Catholic, executed in 1586 for plotting to assassinate Elizabeth. Everard Digby was concerned in the Gunpowder Plot of 1605.
Babington, an English Catholic executed in 1586 for plotting to assassinate Elizabeth under the instruction of a Jesuit named Ballard.
Ballard. See Babington.
Barbariccia and Draghignazzo, the fiends who torment the lost with hooks in the lake of boiling pitch in Malebolge, the eighth circle in Dante's Inferno.
Baretti, Giuseppe, an Italian lexiographer who came to London, was patronised by Johnson and became Secretary of the Royal Academy.
Barillon, the French Ambassador in England.
Barnard, Sir John, an eminent London merchant, and Lord Mayor (1685-1764).
Barras, a member of the Jacobin (q. v.) club; he put an end to Robespierre's Reign of Terror and was a member of the Directory till Napoleon abolished it (d. 1829).
Batavian liberties, Batavia is an old name for Holland; the Celtic tribe known as Batavii once dwelt there.
Bath, Lord, William Pulteney, Sir R. Walpole's opponent, and author of a few magazine articles (1684-1764).
Belisarius, Justinian's great general, who successively repulsed the Persians, Vandals, Goths, and Huns, but who, tradition says, was left to become a beggar (d. 565).
Benevolences, royal demands from individuals not sanctioned by Parliament and supposed to be given willingly; declared illegal by the Bill of Rights, 1689.
Bentinck, Lord William, the Governor. General (1828-1835) under whom suttee was abolished, internal communications opened up, and education considerably furthered.
Bentivoglio, Cardinal, a disciple of Galileo, and one of the Inquisitors who signed his condemnation (1579-1641).
Berkeley and Pomfret, where Edward II. and Richard II. respectively met their deaths.
Bernier, a French traveller who wandered over India, 1656-1668.
Blues, The, Royal Horse Guards.
Board of Control, a body responsible to the Ministry with an authoritative parliamentary head established by Pitt's India Bill (1784).
Bobadil, the braggart hero in Johnson's Every Man in his Humour, Bolingbroke, Viscount, Tory Minister under Anne; brought about the Peace of Utrecht, 1713. His genius and daring were undoubted, but as a party leader he failed utterly.
Bolivar, the Washington of South America, who freed Venezuela, Colombia, and Bolivia from Spain (1783-1830).
Bonner, Bishop of London, served "Bloody" Mary's anti-Protestant zeal, died in the Marshalsea Prison under Elizabeth.
Bonslas, a Maratha tribe not finally subdued till 1817.
Bradshaw, President of the Court that condemned Charles I.
Braganza, House of, the reigning family of Portugal; Charles II married Catherine of Braganza in 1662.
Breda, Peace of, July 21, 1667. Breda is in North Brabant, Holland.
Brissotines, those moderate republicans in the French Revolution who are often known as the Girondists.
Broghill, Lord, better known as Rope Boyle, author of Parthenissa, etc.
Brooks's, the great Whig Club in St. James's Street amongst whose members were Burke, Sheridan, Fox, and Garrick.
Brothers, Richard, a fanatic who held that the English were the lost ten tribes of Israel(1757-1824).
Browne's Estimate (of the Manners and Principles of the Times), the author was a clergyman noted also for his defence of utilitarianism in answer to Shaftesbury (Lecky, Hist. Eng. in 18th Cent., ii, 89 f.).
Brutus, i. The reputed expeller of the last King of Rome; ii. One of Caesar's murderers.
Bulicame, the seventh circle in the Inferno, the place of all the violent.
Buller, Sir Francis, English judge, author of Introduction to the Law of Trials at Nisi Prius (1745-1800).
Burger, Gottfried, German poet (1748-1794), author of the fine ballad "The Wild Huntsman."
Burgoyne, afterwards the General in command of the British troops whose surrender at Saratoga practically settled the American War of Independence.
Burlington, Lord, Richard Boyle, an enthusiastic architect of the Italian school (1695-1Z53).
Button, Henry, a Puritan divine, pilloried, mutilated, and imprisoned by the Star Chamber (1578-1648).
Busiris, a mythological King of Egypt who used to sacrifice one foreigner yearly in the hope of ending a prolonged famine.
Buxar, between Patna and Benares, where Major Munro defeated Sujah Dowlah and Meer Cossim in 1765.
CALAS, Jean, a tradesman of Toulouse, done to death on the wheel in 1762 on the false charge of murdering his son to prevent his becoming a Romanist. Voltaire took his case up and vindicated his memory.
Camden, Lord, the Chief Justice of the Common Pleas who declared general warrants illegal and released Wilkes in 1763.