[383]Arab.'Kumm'= sleeve or petal.See vol.v.32.
[384]Arab.'Kirab'= sword-case of wood，the sheath being of leather.
[385]Arab.'Akr kayrawan，'both rare words.
[386]A doubtful tradition in the Mishkat al-Masabih declares that every pomegranate contains a grain from Paradise.See vol.i.134.The Koranic reference is to vi.99.
[387]Arab.'Aswad，'lit.black but used for any dark colour；here green as opposed to the lighter yellow.
[388]The idea has occurred in vol.i.158.
[389]So called from the places where they grow.
[390]See vol.vii.for the almond-apricot whose stone is cracked to get at the kernel.
[391]For Roum see vol.iv.100： in Morocco'Roumi'means simply a European.The tetrastich alludes to the beauty of the Greek slaves.
[392]Arab.'Ahlan'in adverb form lit.='as one of the household'： so in the greeting'Ahlan wa Sahlan'（and at thine ease），wa Marhaba （having a wide free place）.
[393]For the Sufrah table-cloth see vol.i.178.
[394]See vol.iii.302，for the unclean allusion in fig and sycamore.
[395]In the text'of Tor'： see vol.ii.242.The pear is mentioned by Homer and grows wild in South Europe.Dr.Victor Hehn （The Wanderings of Plants，etc.） comparing the Gr.{Greek letters} with the Lat.Pyrus，suggests that the latter passed over to the Kelts and Germans amongst whom the fruit was not indigenous.Our fine pears are mostly from the East.e.g.the'bergamot'is the Beg Armud，Prince of Pears，from Angora.
[396]i.e.'Royal，'it may or may not come from Sultaniyah，a town near Baghdad.See vol.i.83；where it applies to oranges and citrons.
[397]'Andam = Dragon's blood： see vol.iii.263.
[398]Arab.'Jamar，'the palm-pith and cabbage，both eaten by Arabs with sugar.
[399]Arab.'Anwar'= lights，flowers （mostly yellow）： hence the Moroccan'N'war，'with its usual abuse of Wakf or quiescence.
[400]Mr.Payne quotes Eugene Fromentin，'Un Ete dans le Sahara，'Paris，1857，p.194.Apricot drying can be seen upon all the roofs at Damascus where，however，the season for each fruit is unpleasantly short，ending almost as soon as it begins.
[401]Arab.'Jalajal'= small bells for falcons： in Port.cascaveis，whence our word.
[402]Khulanjan.Sic all editions；but Khalanj，or Khaulanj adj.Khalanji，a tree with a strong-smelling wood which held in hand as a chaplet acts as perfume，as is probably intended.In Span.Arabic it is the Erica-wood.The'Muhit'tells us that is a tree parcel yellow and red growing in parts of India and China；its leaf is that of the Tamarisk （Tarfa）；its flower is coloured red，yellow and white；it bears a grain like mustard-seed （Khardal） and of its wood they make porringers.Hence the poet sings；'Yut'amu'l-shahdu fi'l-jifani，wa yuska * Labanu'l-Bukhti fi Kusa'i'l-Khalanji：
Honey's served to them in platters for food；* Camels' milk in bowls of the Khalanj wood.'
The pl.Khalanij is used by Himyan bin Kahafah in this'bayt'；'Hatta iza ma qazati'l-Hawaija * Wa malaat Halaba-ha'l-Khalanija：
Until she had done every work of hers * And with sweet milk had filled the porringers.'
[403]In text Al-Sha'ir Al-Walahan，vol.iii.226.
[404]The orange I have said is the growth of India and the golden apples of the Hesperides were not oranges but probably golden nuggets.Captain Rolleston （Globe，Feb.5，'84，on'Morocco-Lixus'） identifies the Garden with the mouth of the Lixus River while M.Antichan would transfer it to the hideous and unwholesome Bissagos Archipelago.
[405]Arab.'Ikyan，'the living gold which is supposed to grow in the ground.
[406]For the Kubbad or Captain Shaddock's fruit see vol.ii.310，where it is misprinted Kubad.
[407]Full or Fill in Bresl.Edit.= Arabian jessamine or cork-tree （{Greek letters}）.The Bul.and Mac.Edits.read'filfil'= pepper or palm-fibre.
[408]Arab.'Sumbul al-'Anbari'；the former word having been introduced into England by patent medicines.'Sumbul'in Arab.
and Pers.means the hyacinth，the spikenard or the Sign Virgo.
[409]Arab.'Lisan al-Hamal'lit.= Lamb's tongue.
[410]See in Bresl.Edit.X，221.Taif，a well-known town in the mountain region East of Meccah，and not in the Holy Land，was once famous for scented goat's leather.It is considered to be a'fragment of Syria'（Pilgrimage ii.207） and derives its name =
the circumambulator from its having circuited pilgrim-like round Ka'abah （Ibid.）.
[411]Arab.'Mikhaddah'= cheek-pillow： Ital.guanciale.In Bresl.Edit.Mudawwarah （a round cushion） Sinjabiyah （of Ermine）.For'Mudawwarah'see vol.iv.135.
[412]'Coffee'is here evidently an anachronism and was probably inserted by the copyist.See vol.v.169，for its first metnion.But'Kahwah'may have preserved its original meaning =strong old wine （vol.ii.261）；and the amount of wine-drinking and drunkenness proves that the coffee movement had not set in.
[413]i.e.they are welcome.In Marocco'La baas'means，'I am pretty well'（in health）.
[414]The Rose （Ward） in Arab.is masculine，sounding to us most uncouth.But there is a fem.form Wardah = a single rose.
[415]Arab.'Akmam，'pl.of Kumm，a sleeve，a petal.See vol.iv.107 and supra p.267.The Moslem woman will show any part of her person rather than her face，instinctively knowing that the latter may be recognised whereas the former cannot.The traveller in the outer East will see ludicrous situations in which the modest one runs away with hind parts bare and head and face carefully covered.
[416]Arab.'Ikyan'which Mr.Payne translates'vegetable gold'very picturesquely but not quite preserving the idea.See supra p.272.
[417]It is the custom for fast youths，in Egypt，Syria，and elsewhere to stick small gold pieces，mere spangles of metal on the brows，cheeks and lips of the singing and dancing girls and the perspiration and mask of cosmetics make them adhere for a time till fresh movement shakes them off.