冥想一段神圣的经文、一个圣言,或者一个神秘的音节
冥想,也可以通过冥想一段神圣的经文、一个圣言,或者一个神秘的音节(曼陀罗)的意义来进行。作为冥想的主题,一位求道者可以选择一段特定的圣诗,或者来自圣典的一个句子来冥想,例如《奥义书》、《薄伽梵歌》、钵颠阇利的《瑜伽经》或者纳拉达的《奉爱经》等的句子。或者,他可以选择一个被圣典所指定的圣言或者曼陀罗。他会唱颂圣诗,或者念诵圣言,并且会把心意集中在发出的声音上,或者仅是集中在圣诗或圣言的意义上。集中在发出的声音上会揭示出其声音的含义。随着这样的集中在加深,这种含义也会揭示出其知识。
最后,简单地冥想任何引人向善的事物是可能的。钵颠阇利在他的《瑜伽经》上说,只要被认为是神圣和提升灵性的,都可以被选为冥想对象。【153】如果心意能够集中在一个特定对象上相当长一段时间,那么它也可以很容易地集中在其他任何对象上。例如,如果一个人能够集中在一个简单的句号上一个小时,那么也可以很容易地集中在一座山上同样长的时间。
注释:
【1】Pantanjali,Yoga A phorisms 1.36-139.
【2】根据语言习惯,可以翻译成精神世界。根据瑜伽哲学,心意(末那)、菩提(智性)、心和我慢(私我)都属于精神世界。——译者注
【3】Swami Vivekananda,The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda,vol.4,pp.51-56.
【4】Ibid.,pp.56 and 57.
【5】Vivekananda:The Yogas and Other Works,pp.380-381.
【6】Bhagavad Gita,4.6-8,pp.125-126.
【7】The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna,p.725.
【8】Ibid.,p.189.
【9】Ibid.,p.257.
【10】Ibid.,p.359.
【11】Ibid.,p.361.
【12】Ibid.,p.760.
【13】Ibid.,p.767.
【14】Ibid.,p.883.
【15】Vivekananda:The Yogas and Other Works,p.420.
【16】Ibid.,p.421.
【17】Swami Vivekananda,The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda,vol.3,p.251.
【18】Vivekananda:The Yogas and Other Works,pp.815-816.
【19】Ibid.,p.421.
【20】Bhagavad Gita 12.5,p.273.
【21】Mana Smriti 12,122-123,in Manu- Smriti,translated by Ganganatha Jha(Calcutta:University of Calcutta,n.d.),p.653.
【22】Svetasvatara Upanishad 4.1,in Swami Yatiswarananda(trans.),Universal Prayers,p.69.
【23】Katha Upanishad 1.2.20,in The Upanishads,vol.1,p.141.
【24】Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 3.7.15,in The Upanishad,vol.3,p.226.
【25】Maitrayani Upanishad 4.15,in Yatiswarananda,Universal Prayers,p.73.
【26】Yogashikha Upanishad 6.20,ibid.,p.75.
【27】Mahanarayana Upanishad 12.16,in Swami Vimalananda(trans.),Mahanarayanopanishad,p.152.
【28】Taittiriya A ranyaka 10.1.24,in Yatiswarananda,Universal Prayers,p.63.
【29】Taittiriya A ranyaka 10.1.30,ibid.,p.63.
【30】Bhagavad Gita 10.20,pp.244-245.
【31】Bhagavad Gita 13.22,p.296.
【32】Bhagavad Gita 13.32,p.302.
【33】Vishvasara Tantra,in Yatiswarananda,Universal Prayers,p.155.
【34】V ishnu Purana 1.12.71.ibid.,p.105.
【35】Katha Upanishad 2.1.9,in The Upanishads,vol.1,p.164.
【36】Chhandogya Upanishad 3.14.2,in The Upanishads,vol.4,pp.206-207.
【37】Rig Veda 10.90.1.See The Upanishads,vol.2,p.102.
【38】Svetasvatara Upanishad 3.16,in The Upanishads,vol.2,p.103.
【39】Mundaka Upanishad 2.1.4,ibid.,vol.1,p.282.
【40】Svetasvatara Upanishad 6.7,in The Upanishads,vol.2,p.133.
【41】Svetasvatara Upanishad 6.7,in The Upanishads,vol.2,p.100.
【42】Bhagavad Gita 11.3,p.254.
【43】Ibid.,11.5 and 8,pp.254-255.
【44】Ibid.,11.15,16,19,and 20,pp.256-257.
【45】Vivekananda:The Yogas and Other Works,p.636.
【46】Mandukya Upanishad 1-6.转自斯瓦米·尼哈拉南达一篇未发表的演讲:“唵:普遍的象征”。
【47】Mandukya Upanishad 7,ibid.
【48】Mandukya Upanishad 8,ibid.
【49】Mandukya Upanishad 9,ibid.
【50】Mandukya Upanishad 10,ibid.
【51】Mundaka Upanishad 11,ibid.
【52】Mandukya Upanishad 12,ibid.
【53】Gaudapada Karika 1.12.24,in Swami Nikhilananda(trans.).The Mandukyopanishad with Gaudapada's Karka and Shankara's C唵mentary,p.81.
【54】Gaudapada Karika 1.l2.25,p.81.
【55】Gaudapada Karika 1.l2.26,p.82.
【56】Gaudapada Karika 1.l2.27,p.83.
【57】Gaudapada Karika 1.l2.28,p.84.
【58】Gaudapada Karika 1.l2.29,p.84.
【59】Vivekananda:The Yogas and Other Works,p.547.
【60】Rig Veda 1.3.21 and 10.114.8 and Satapatha Brahmana 8.1.2.9.
【61】Vivekananda:The Yogas and Other Works,pp.422-423.
【62】The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna,pp.416 and 404.
【63】Satapatha Brahmana 7.5.2.6;Panchavimsa Brahmana 20.14.2;Rig Veda 1.3.21.
【64】《约翰福音》1:1.
【65】See The Shiva Purana,part 1,translated by a Board of Scholars(New Delhi:Motilal Banarsidass,1986),pp.106-107.
【66】Panchadasi of Vidyaranya,4.61 and 9.151,pp.124 and 455.
【67】In Swami Madhavananda(trans.),The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad(Calcutta:Advaita Ashrama,1997),p.502.
【68】The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna,p.465.
【69】Katha Upanishad1.2.15-17,in The Upanishads,vol.1,pp.138-140.
【70】Mundaka Upanishad 2.2.4 and 6,in The Upanishads,vol.1,pp.290-291.
【71】Svetasvatara Upanishad 1.13-14,in The Upanishads,vol.2,p.85.
【72】Prasna Upanishad 5.1-7,in The Upanishads,vol.2,pp.187-191.
【73】Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 5.1.1,in The Upanishads,vol.3,p.317.
【74】Taittiriya Upanishad 1.4.1.and 1.8.1,in The Upanishads,vol.4,pp.18 and 26.
【75】Chhandogya Upanishad 2.23.2-3,in The Upanishads,p.180.
【76】Bhagavad Gita 5.8,p.183.
【77】Bhagavad Gita 9.17,p.225.
【78】Bhagavad Gita 10.25,p.246.
【79】Bhagavad Gita 8.12-13,p.202.
【80】Bhagavad Gita 17.23-24,pp.340-341.
【81】The Cloud of Unknowing(London:John M.Watkins,1922),chapters 37-38.
【82】Mahanarayana Upanishad 33.1,in Swami Vimalananda(trans.),Mahanarayanopanish,p.206.
【83】Mahanarayana Upanishad 35.2,ibid.,p.215.
【84】Chhandogya Upanishad 4.17.1-3,in The Upanishad,vol.4,pp.246-247.
【85】Bhagavad Gita 17.24-28,pp.341-342.
【86】Yoga Aphorisms 1.27,in Vivekananda:TheYogas and Other Works,p.635.
【87】Yoga A phorisms 1.28,ibid.,p.635.
【88】Yoga A phorisms 1.29,ibid.,p.637.
【89】Chhandogya Upanishad 1.1.10,in The Upanishads,vol.4,pp.116-117.
【90】Vivekananda:The Yogas and Other Works,pp.636-637.
【91】See Swami Satprakashananda,Methods of Knowledge,p.289.
【92】See Ibid.,p.291.
【93】Ibid.,pp.297-298.
【94】Mahanirvana Tantra 14.122,From Swami Yatiswarananda,Meditation and Spiritual of Life,p.301.
【95】Tantrasara,ibid.
【96】Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 5.2.1-3,in Swami Satprakashananda,Methods of Knowledge,pp.298-299.
【97】Swami Satprakashananda,Methods of Knowledge,p.299.
【98】See AtmaGita.From T.M.P.Mahadevan:Onthe philosophy of Advaita(New Delhi:Gulab Vaz-irani for Arnold Heinemann Publishers,1976),p.263.
【99】Swami Sambuddhananda,Vedic Prayers(Bombay:Sri Ramakrishna Ashrama,1945),pp.22-23.
【100】Bhagavad Gita 10.35,p.250.
【101】Chhandogya Upanishad 3.12.1,in The Upanishads,vol.4,p.200.
【102】Chhandogya Upanishad 3.12.2-4,pp.200-201.
【103】Chhandogya Upanishad 3.12.5-6,pp.201-202.
【104】Chhandogya Upanishad 3.12.7,p.91.
【105】Woodroffe,The Garland of Letters,pp.373-375.
【106】Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 5.14.1-4,in The Upanishads,vol.3,pp.339-341.
【107】Yoginihridaya Tantra.
【108】Woodroffe,The Garland of Letters,pp.214-217.
【109】Woodroffe,The Upanishad of Letters,pp.214-217.
【110】The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna,p.108.
【111】Ibid.,107.
【112】“一个时间单位就称为一马特拉。一眨眼的工夫相当于一马特拉的长度。一次正常呼吸所用的时间被认为是一马特拉。单音节词唵(Om)的发音需要的时间也被认为是一马特拉。”(Swami Sivananda,The Science of Pranayama [Sivanandanagar,Tehri-Garhwal:Divine Life Society,1971] p.36)。
【113】Devi Mahatmyam 1.72-74.See Swami Jagadisvarananda(trans.),The Devi-Mahatmyam(Madras:Sri Ramakrishna Math,1955),pp.15-16.
【114】The Life of Swami Vivekananda,p.256.
【115】Mahanarayana Upanishad 35.2,in Swami Vimalananda(trans.),Mahanarayanopanishad,p.215.
【116】Mahanarayana Upanishad,commentary on 35.2,p.215.
【117】Mahanarayana Upanishad,commentary on 35.2,p.215.
【118】Mahanarayana Upanishad,commentary 34.1-2 and 35.1,pp.207,209,and 210-211.
【119】Quoted in I.K.Taimni,Gayatri,(Adyar,Madras:Theosophical Publishing House,1983),pp.195-196.
【120】Aitareya Upanishad 3.1.3,in The Upanishads,vol.3,pp.38-39.
【121】Ibid.,p.29.
【122】Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 4.3.2-6,in The Upanishads,vol.3,pp.262-263.
【123】Ibid.,p.263.
【124】Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 1.4.10,ibid.,pp.122-123.
【125】Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 2.4.4,ibid.,pp.176-177.
【126】Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 1.4.8,ibid.,p.121.
【127】Panchadasi of Vidyaranya,12.7-11,pp.525-527.
【128】Mandukya Upanishad 1.7.10.和 2.19-28,in Swami Nikhilananda(trans.),The Mandukyopan-ishad with Gaudapada's Karika and Shankara's Commentary,pp.57 and 109-115.
【129】Vivekananda:The Yogas and Other Works,p.316.
【130】Shankaracharya,Vivekachudamani,v.6,p.3.
【131】Svetasvatara Upanishad 6.11-13 and 15,in The Upanishad,vol.2,pp.136-38 and 139.
【132】Mandukya Upanishad 2,in The Upanishad,vol.2,p.224.
【133】Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 5.3.1,ibid.,vol.3,p.323.
【134】Chhandogya Upanishad 8.1.1,in The Upanishads,vol.4,p.359.
【135】Ibid.,pp.360-361.
【136】Ibid.,p.361.
【137】Mundaka Upanishad 2.2.1-2,ibid.,vol.I,pp.288-289.
【138】Katha Upanishad 2.1.12 and 2.2.1,ibid.,pp.166 and 169.
【139】Ibid.,1.3.3-4,p.148,and 1.2.20,p.141.
【140】Chhandogya Upanishad 6.8.7,ibid.,vol.4,p.309.
【141】Shankaracharya,V ivekachudamani,v.160,p.61.
【142】Ibid.,vv.248-249,p.97.
【143】Ibid.,vv.418-420,pp.158-159.
【144】Verses 254-258 and 260-263 of the V ivekachudamani,引自 Shankaracharya,Sel f-K now ledge,pp.92-94.
【145】Shankaracharya,V ivekachudamani,vv.367-369 and 372-375,pp.139-40 and 141-142.
【146】Mundaka Upanishad 3.1.7-8,in The Upanishads,vol.1,p.301.
【147】引自Swami Satprakashananda,Methods of Knowledge,p.205.
【148】Ibid.
【149】Vedanta Paribhasa.
【150】Ibid.
【151】Panchadasi of Vidyaranya,9.121-122,p.445.
【152】Panchadasi of Vidyaranya,9.129-30,132,134,140,and 143-44,ibid.,pp.447-448,449,451,452,and 452-453.
【153】Patanjali,Yoga A phorisms,1.36-39.