Am.Psychiatr.Assoc.2000.Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.Washington DC:Am.Psychiatr.Assoc.4th ed.，text re v
Anand A，et al.2005.Antidepressant effect on connectivity of the mood—regulating circuit:an FMRI study.Neuropsychopharmacology. 30:133444
Abela.，J.R.Z.2002.Depressive mood reactions to failure in the achievement domain:Atest of the integration of the hopelessness and selfesteem theories of depression.Cognitive Therapy and Research,26:531552
Abela，J.R.Z，Aydin，C，Auerbach，R.P.2006.Operationalizing the“vulnerability”and“stress”components of the hopelessness theory of depression:A multiwave longitudinal study.Behaviour Research and Therapy，44:1565?1583
Allman J.M.，Hakeem A.，Erwin J.M.，Nimchinsky E.，Hof P. R.，2001.The anterior cingulate cortex:the evolution of an interface between emotion and cognition.Ann.N.Y.Acad.Sci935，107117
Anderson M.C.,Bjork R.A.1994.Mechanisms of inhibition in longtermmemory:a new taxonomy.In Inhibitory Processes in Attention,Memory,and Language,ed.D Dagenbach,T Carr,pp.265 325. San Diego,CA:Academic
Anderson M.C.，Green C.2001.Suppressing unwanted memories by executive control.Nature410:36669
Anderson M.C.，Spellman B.A.1995.On the status of inhibitory mechanisms in cognition:memory retrieval as a model case.Psychol. Re v.102:68100
Baumeister R.F.2000.Gender differences in erotic plasticity:The female sexdrive as socially flexible and responsive.Psychological Bulletin，2126:347—374
Barch D.M.，Sheline Y.I.，Csernansky J.G.，Snyder A.Z. 2003.Workingmemory and prefrontal cortex dysfunction:speci?city to schizophrenia compared with major depression.Biol.Psychiatry 53:376—84
BarHaim Y，Lamy D，Pergamin L，BakermansKranenburg MJ,van IJzendoorn MH.2007.Threatrelated attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals:a metaanalytic study.Psychol.Bull.133:124
Beck，A.T.，Ward，C.H.，Mendelson，M.，Mock，J.E.，Erbaugh，J.K.，1961.An inventory for measuring depression.Archives of General Psychiatry4，561571
Beck A.T.1976.Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders. New York:Int.Univ.Press
Beck A.T.，Epstein N.，Harrison R.1983.Cognitions，attitudes and personality dimensions in depression.Br.J.Cogn.Psychother.1:1 16
Beck A.T.2008.The evolution of the cognitive model of depression and its neurobiological correlates.Am J.of Psychiatry.165:969 977
Beevers C.G.，Carver CS.2003.Attentional bias and mood persistence as prospective predictors of dysphoria.Cogn.Ther.Res.27:61937
Beevers C.G.，Gibb B.E.，McGeary J.E.，Miller I.W..2007. Serotonin transporter genetic variation and biased attention for emotional word stimuli among psychiatric inpatients.J.Abnorm.Psychol.116:20812
Bhar S.S.，et al.2008.Sequence of improvement in depressive symptoms across cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy.Journal of Affective Disorders.110:161168
Bisson M.，Sears C.2007.The effect of depressed mood on the interpretation of ambiguity，with and without negative mood induction. Cogn.Emot.21:61445
Bjork R.A.1972.Theoretical implications of directed forgetting. In Coding Processes in HumanMemory，ed.AW Melton，E Martin，pp. 21735.Washington，DC:Winston
Bjorklund D.F.,Harnishfeger KK.1990.Children's strategies:their de?nitions and origins.In Children's Strategies:Contemporary Views of Cognitive Development,ed.DF Bjorklund,pp.30923.Hillsdale,NJ:Erlbaum
Boland R.J.，Keller MB.2009.Course and outcome of depression.In Handbook of Depression，ed.IH Gotlib，CL Hammen，pp.23 43.New York:Guilford.2nd ed
Bower G.H..1981.Mood and memory.Am.Psychol.36:12948
Bradley B.P.，Mogg K，Lee SC.1997.Attentional biases for negative information in induced and naturally occurring dysphoria.Behav. Res.Ther.35:91127
Bradley B.P.，Mogg K.，Millar N.，White J.1995.Selective processing of negative information:effects of clinical anxiety，concurrent depression，and awareness.J.Abnorm.Psychol.104:53236
Bradley B.P.，Mogg K，Williams R.1994.Implicit and explicitmemory for emotional information in non—clinical subjects.Behav. Res.Ther.32:6578
Bremner，J.D.，Innis，R.B.，Salomon，R.M.，Staib，L.H.，Ng,C.K.，Miller，H.L.，et al.1997.Positron emission tomography measurement of cerebral metabolic correlates of tryptophan depletion—induced depressive relapse.Archives of General Psychiatry，54，364374
Brewin C.R.，Reynolds M，Tata P.1999.Autobiographical memory processes and the course of depression.J.Abnorm.Psychol.108:51117
Briggs K.E.，Martin FH.2009.Affective picture processing and motivational relevance:Arousal and valence effects on ERPs in an oddball task.International Journal of Psychophysiology，72:299—306
Brittlebank A.D.，Scott J，Williams JM，Ferrier IN.1993.Autobiographicalmemory in depression:state or trait marker?Br.J.Psychiatry162:11821
Burt D.B.，Zembar M.J.，Niederehe G.1995.Depression and memory impairment:a metaanalysis of the association，its pattern，and speci?city.Psychol.Bull.117:285—305
Butler G.，Mathews A.1983.Cognitive processes in anxiety.Adv. Behav.Res.Ther.5:51—62
CampbellSills L，Barlow D.2007.Incorporating emotion regulation into conceptualizations and treatments of anxiety and mood disorders.Handbook of Emotion Regulation，ed.JJ Gross，pp.542—59.New York:Guilford
Canli，T.，Sivers，H.，Thomason，M.E.，Whiteld Gabrieli，S.,Gabrieli，J.D.E.，&Gotlib，I.H.2004.Brain activation to emotional words in depressed vs.healthy subjects.Neuroreport，15，2585—2588
Canli T.，et al.2005.Amygdala reactivity to emotional faces predicts improvement in major depression.Neuroreport.16:1267—70
Carney R.，Freedland K.2009.Treatmentresistant depression and mortality after acute coronary syndrome.Am.J.Psychiatry 166:410—17
Carreti，L.，Mercado，F.，Tapia，M.，Hinojosa，J.A.，2001.Emotion，attention，and the negativity bias'，studied through eventrelated potentials，International Journal of Psychophysiology41，75—85
Carretie,L.,Hinojosa,J.A.,MartinLoeches,M.,Mercado,F., Tapia,M.,2004.Automatic attention to emotional stimuli:neural correlates.22,290—9
Carreti，L.，Mart n-Loeches，M.，Hinojosa，J.A.，Mercado，F.,2001.Emotion and attention interaction studied through eventrelated potentials，Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience8，11091128
Carton J.S.，Kessler E.A.，Pape C.L.1999.Nonverbal decoding skills and relationship wellbeing in adults.J.Nonverbal Behav.23:91 100
Caseras X.，Garner M.，Bradley B.，Mogg K.2007.Biases in visual orienting to negative and positive scenes in dysphoria:an eye movement study.J.Abnorm.Psychol.116:49197
Castaneda A.，Tuulio-Henriksson A.，Marttunen M.，L onnqvist J.，Suvisaari J.2008.A review on cognitive impairments in depressive and anxiety disorders with a focus on young adults.J.Affect.Disord. 106:127
Channon S.，Baker J.E.，Robertson M.M.1993.Working memory in clinical depression:an experimental study.Psychol.Med.23:87 91
Charles ST，MatherM，Carstensen LL.2003.Aging and emotionalmemory:the forgettable nature of negative images for older adults.J. Exp.Psychol.:Gen.132:31024
Chen C.H.，et al.2007.Brain Imaging Correlates of Depressive Symptom Severity and Predictors of Symptom Improvement After Antidepressant Treatment.Biol Psychiatry.62
Chen M.C.，Hamilton，J.P.，Gotlib IH.2010.Decreased Hippocampal Volume in Healthy Girls
at Risk of Depression.Arch Gen Psychiatry.67（3）:270—276
Clark D.M.1988.A cognitive model of panic attacks.In Panic:Psychological Perspectives,ed.S Rachman,JD Maser,pp.7189.Hillsdale,NJ:Erlbaum
Compton R.，HellerW.，BanichM.，Palmieri P.，MillerG.2000. Responding to threat:hemispheric asymmetries and interhemispheric division of input.Neuropsychology14:25464
Cooney R.E.，Joormann J.，Atlas L.Y.，Eugene F.，Gotlib IH. 2007.Remembering the good times:neural correlates of affect regulation.Neuroreport18:177174
Cooney R.E.,Joormann J.,Eugene F et al.,2010.Neural correlates of rumination in depression,Cognitive,Affective,&Behavioral Neuroscience,10（4）,470—478
Cottencin O.，Gruat G.，Thomas P.，Devos P.，Goudemand M.,Consoli S.2008.Directed forgetting in depression.J.Int.Neuropsychol.Soc.14:89599
Cowan N.1999.An embeddedprocesses model of workingmemory.InModels of Working Memory:Mechanisms of Active Maintenance and Executive Control,ed.A Miyake,P Shah,pp.62 101.New York:Cambridge Univ.Press
Dalgleish T.，Spinks H.，Yiend J.，KuykenW.2001.Autobiographicalmemory style in seasonal affective disorder and its relationship to future symptom remission.J.Abnorm.Psychol.110:33540
Daurignac,E.,Houde,O.,Jouvent,R.,2006.Negative priming in a numerical Piagetlike task as evidenced by ERP.Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience18,730736
Davidson，R.J.，Lewis，D.A.，Alloy，L.B.，Amaral，D.G.,Bush，G.，Cohen，J.D.，et al.2002.Neural and Behavioral substrates of mood and mood regulation.Biological Psychiatry，52，478502
Davis R.N.，NolenHoeksema S.2000.Cognitive in?exibility among ruminators and nonruminators.Cogn.Ther.Res.24:699—711
DearingK，Gotlib IH.2009.Interpretation of ambiguous information in girls at risk for depression.J.Abnorm.Child Psychol.37:79—91
Deldin P.J.，Deveney C.，Kim A.，Casas B.，Best J.L.，2001.A slow wave investigation of working memory biases in mood disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology，110，267281.
DeRubeis R.J.，et al.2005.Cognitive therapy vs.medications in the treatment of moderate to severe depression.Arch Gen Psychiatry. 62:409416
Diamond LM.2004.Emerging perspectives on distinctions between romantic love and sexual desire.Current Directions in Psychological Science,13:116—119
Donaldson C.，Lam D.，Mathews A.2007.Rumination and attention in major depression.Behav.Res.Ther.45:266478
Donchin，E.，Coles，M.G.H.，1988.Is the P300 component a manifestation of context updating?Behavioral and Brain Sciences11,357374
Drevets，W.C.1999.Prefrontal corticalamygdalar metabolism in major depression.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences，877,614637
Drevets,W.C.,Bogers,W.,&Raichle,M.E.2002.Functional anatomical correlates of antidepressant drug treatment assessed using PET measures of regional glucose metabolism.European Neuro—psychopharmacology,12,527—544
Drevets,W.C.,Price,J.L.,Simpson,J.R.,Todd,R.D.,Reich, T.,Vannier,M.,et al.1997.Subgenual prefrontal cortex abnormalities in mood disorders.Nature,386,824—827
Egeland J.，Rund B.R.，Sundet K.，Landro N.I.，Asbjornsen A.，et al.2003.Attention pro?le in schizophrenia compared with depression:differential effects of processing speed，selective attention and vigilance.Acta Psychiatr.Scand.108:276—84
Ehring T.，Fischer S.，Schn ¨ulle J.，B ¨osterling A.，TuschenCaf?er B.2008.Characteristics of emotion regulation in recovered depressed versus never depressed individuals.Personal.Individ.Differ. 44:1574—84
Eizenman M.，Yu L.H.，Grupp L.，Eizenman E.，Ellenbogen M.，et al.2003.A naturalistic visual scanning approach to assess selective attention in major depressive disorder.Psychiatry Res.118:117 28
Ellenbogen M.A.，Schwartzman A.E.，Stewart J.，Walker C.D. 2002.Stress and selective attention:the interplay of mood，cortisol levels，and emotional information processing.Psychophysiology39:72332
Ellenbogen M.A.，Schwartzman A.E.，Stewart J.，Walker CD. 2006.Automatic and effortful emotional information processing regulates different aspects of the stress response.Psychoneuroendocrinology 31:37387
Ellis H.C.，Ashbrook P.W..1988.Resource allocation model of the effects of depressed mood states on memory.In Affect，Cognition,and Social Behavior，ed.K Fiedler，JP Forgas，pp.25 43.G ottingen:Hogrefe
Engle R.W.,Kane M.J.,Tuholski S.W.1999.Individual differences in working memory capacity and what they tell us about controlled attention,general?uid intelligence,and functions of the prefrontal cortex.In Models of Working Memory:Mechanisms of Active Maintenance and Executive Control,ed.A Miyake,P Shah,pp.102—34.London:Cambridge Univ.Press
Enright S.J.，Beech A.R.1990.Obsessional states:anxiety disorders or schizotypes?An information processing and personality assessment.Psychol.Med.20:621—27
Eugene F.，Joormann J.，Cooney R.，Atlas L.，Gotlib IH.2010. Neural correlates of inhibitory de?cits in depression.Psychiatry Res.:Neuroimaging.181:30—35
Evans K.C.，Wright C.I.，Wedig M.M.，Gold A.L.，Pollack M.H.，Rauch S.L.2007.A functional MRI study of amygdala responses to angry schematic faces in social anxiety disorder.Depress Anxiety. 25:496—505
Fales,C.L.,Barch,D.M.,Rundle,M.M.,Mintun,M.A.,Snyder,A.Z.,Cohen,J.D.,et al.2009.Altered emotional interference processing in affective and cognitive—control brain circuitry in major depression.Biological Psychiatry
Farchione T R，Moore G J and Rosenberg D R.2002.Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in pediatric major depression. Biological Psychiatry，52:86—92
Fischer A.H.Manstead ASR.2000.relation between gender and emotions in different cultures.In AH Fischer，Gender and emotion:Social psychology perspectives.New Y0rk:Cambridge University Press,71—94
Foa E.B.，Franklin M.E.，Perry K.J.，Herber J.D.1996.Cognitive biases in generalized social phobia.J.Abnorm.Psychol.105:433 39
Friedman N.P.，Miyake A.2004.The relations among inhibition and interference control functions:a latentvariable analysis.J.Exp. Psychol.:Gen.133:10135
Frith C.D.1979.Consciousness，information processing and schizophrenia.Br.J.Psychiatry134:22535
Garnefski N.，Kraaij V.2007.The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire:psychometric features and prospective relationships with depression and anxiety in adults.Eur.J.Psychol.Assess.23:141 49
Gibbons，H.，2006.An eventrelated potential investigation of varieties of negative priming.Journal of Psychophysiology20，170185
Goeleven，E.，De Raedt，R.，Baert，S.，Koster，E.H.W.，2006. Deficient inhibition of emotional information in depression.Journal of 93，149—57
Gonul，A.S.，Kula，M.，Bilgin，A.G.，Tutus，A.，&Oguz，A. 2004.The regional cerebral blood?ow changes in major depressive disorder with and without psychotic features.Progress in NeuroPsychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry，28，1015—1021
Gotlib,I.H.,Neubauer Yue,D.,Joormann,J.,2005.Selective attention in dysphoric individuals:the role of affective interference and inhibition.Cogn.Ther.Res.29,417—432
Gotlib，I.H.，Sivers，H.，Gabrieli，J.D.E.，Whit?eldGabrieli,S.，Goldin，P.，Minor，K.L.，et al.2005.Subgenual anterior cingulate activation to valenced emotional stimuli in major depression.Neuroreport，16，1731—1734
Gotlib I.H.，Hamilton J.P.2008.Neuroimaging and depression:current status and unresolved issues.Curr.Dir.Psychol.Sci.17:159—63
Gotlib I.H.，Krasnoperova E.，Yue D.L.，Joormann J.2004.Attentional biases for negative interpersonal stimuli in clinical depression.J.Abnorm.Psychol.113:12735
Gotlib I.H.，Joormann J.2010.Cognition and Depression:Current Status and Future Directions.Annu.Rev.Clin.Psychol.6:285312
Gotlib I.H.，Hamilton JP.In press.Neural Functioning in Major Depressive Disorder，Frontiers in Neuroscience
Grant M.M.，Thase M.E.，Sweeney J.A.2001.Cognitive disturbances in outpatient depressed younger adults:evidence of modest impairment.Biol.Psychiatry50:3543
Greicius，M.D.，Flores，B.H.，Menon，V.，Glover，G.H.，Solvason，H.B.，Kenna，H.，et al.2007.Restingstate functional connectivity in major depression:Abnormally increased contributions from sub—genual cingulate cortex and thalamus.Biological Psychiatry，62，429 437
Hamann S.,Herman R.,Nolan C.,et al.2004.Men and women differ in amygdala response to visual sexual stimuli.Nature Neuroscience,7:411—416
Hamilton J.P.，Siemer M.2008.Amygdala volume in major depressive disorder:a metaanalysis of magnetic resonance imaging studies.Molecular Psychiatry，13，9931000
Hartlage S.，Alloy L.B.，Vazquez C.，Dykman B.1993.Automatic and effortful processing in depression.Psychol.Bull.113:24778
Harvey P.O.，Le Bastard G.，Pochon J.B.，Levy R.，Allilaire J. F.，et al.2004.Executive functions and updating of the contents of working memory in unipolar depressions.J.Psychiatr.Res.38:56776
Hasher L.，Stoltzfus E.R.，Zacks R.T.，Rypma B.1991.Age and inhibition.J.Exp.Psychol.:Learn.Mem.Cogn.17:16369
HasherL.,ZacksR.T.,MayC.P.1999.Inhibitory control,circadian arousal,and age.InAttention and Performance,ed.D Gopher,A Koriat,pp.65375.Cambridge,MA:MIT Press
Hayden E.，Dougherty L.，Maloney B.，Sheikh H.，Nurnberger J.，et al.2008.Early—emerging cognitive vulnerability to depression and the serotonin transporter promoter region polymorphism.J.Affect. Disord.107（1）:22730
Hertel P.T.1997.On the contributions of de?cient cognitive control to memory impairments in depression.Cogn.Emot.11:569—84
Hertel P.T.1998.Relation between rumination and impaired memory in dysphoric moods.J.Abnorm.Psychol.107:166—72
Hertel P.T.2004.Memory for emotional and nonemotional events in depression:a question of habit?In Memory and Emotion，ed.D Reisberg，P Hertel，pp.186—216.New York:Oxford Univ.Press
Hertel P.T，Gerstle M.2003.Depressive de?cits in forgetting. Psychol.Sci.14:573—78
Hertel P.T，Rude S.S.1991.Depressive de?cits in memory.Focusing attention improves subsequent recall.J.Exp.Psychol.:Gen. 120:301—9
Hirsch C.R.，MathewsA.2000.Impaired positive inferential bias in social phobia.J.Abnorm.Psychol.109:705—12
Holmes A.，Pizzagalli D.2008.Spatiotemporal dynamics of error processing dysfunctions in major depressive disorder.Arch.Gen.Psychiatry65:179—88
Holmes E.，Lang T.，Shah D.2009.Developing interpretation bias modi?cation as a“cognitive vaccine”for depressed mood:imagining positive events makes you feel better than thinking about them verbally.J.Abnorm.Psychol.118:7688
Hollon S.D.，DeRubeis R.J.，Shelton R.C.，et al.2005.Prevention of relapse following cognitive therapy vs medications in moderate to severe depression.Arch Gen Psychiatry，62:417422
Hooley J.M.，Gruber S.A.，Scott L.A.，Hiller J.B.，&YurgelunTodd，D.A.2005.Activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in response to maternal criticism and praise in recovered depressed and healthy control participants.Biological Psychiatry，57，809812
Ingram R.E.1984.Toward an informationprocessing analysis of depression.Cogn.Ther.Res.8:443 77 Ingram RE,Bernet C, McLaughlin S.1994.Attentional allocation processes in individuals at risk for depression.Cogn.Ther.Res.18:31732
Johnson M.K.，NolenHoeksema S.，Mitchell K.J.，Levin Y. 2009.Medial Cortex Activity，SelfRe?ection，and Depression.Yale Univ.，New Haven，CT.Unpubl.manuscr
Johnstone T.，van Reekum C.，Urry H.，Kalin N.，Davidson R. 2007.Failure to regulate:counterproductive recruitment of topdown prefrontalsubcortical circuitry in major depression.J.Neurosci.27:8877—84
Joormann J.2004.Attentional bias in dysphoria:the role of inhibitory processes.Cogn.Emot.18:125—47
Joormann J.，Siemer M.2004.Memory accessibility，mood regulation，and dysphoria:dif?culties in repairing sad mood with happy memories?J.Abnorm.Psychol.113:179—88
Joormann J.2005.Inhibition,rumination,andmood regulation in depression.In Cognitive Limitations in Aging and Psychopathology:Attention,Working Memory,and Executive Functions,ed.RW Engle, G Sedek,U von Hecker,DN McIntosh,pp.275 312.New York:Cambridge Univ.Press
Joormann J.，Hertel P.T.，Brozovich F.，Gotlib I.H.2005.Remembering the good，forgetting the bad:intentional forgetting of emotional material in depression.J.Abnorm.Psychol.114:64048
Joormann J.2006.The relation of rumination and inhibition:evidence from a negative priming task.Cogn.Ther.Res.30:14960
Joormann J.，Gotlib I.H.2006.Is this happiness I see?Biases in the identi?cation of emotional facial expressions in depression and social phobia.J.Abnorm.Psychol.115:705—14
Joormann J.，Gotlib I.H.2007.Selective attention to emotional faces following recovery from depression.J.Abnorm.Psychol.116:80—85
Joormann J.，Siemer M.，Gotlib IH.2007a.Mood regulation in depression:differential effects of distraction and recall of happy memories on sad mood.J.Abnorm.Psychol.116:48490
Joormann J.，Talbot L.，Gotlib IH.2007b.Biased processing of emotional information in girls at risk for depression.J.Abnorm.Psychol. 116:13543
Joormann J.，Gotlib I.H.2008.Updating the contents of working memory in depression:interference from irrelevant negative material. J.Abnorm.Psychol.117:18292
Joormann J.，Eug`ene F.，Gotlib IH.2008.Parental depression:impact on offspring andmechanisms underlying transmission of risk.In Handbook of Adolescent Depression，ed.S Nolen-Hoeksema，pp.441 71.New York:Guilford
Joormann J.，TranT.2009.Rumination and intentional forgetting of emotionalmaterial.Cogn.Emot.23:123346