书城亲子从“放牛娃”到宋氏家族的奠基人
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第1章 陈思和序(1)

杨国良君自海南寄来他与另外两位作者合作的宋耀如传记,说出版在即,嘱我为之写几句话作为序言。我对宋耀如毫无研究,评价也无从谈起,只能将这部书稿细细读了一遍,就事论事,谈一些我的阅读体会。

杨君赴海南工作已经十余年,当时海南为一时俊杰荟萃之地,藏龙卧虎,大有作为;一晃十余年过去,我在那里认识的朋友,几乎都有倦鸟知归之意,不少人重返内地,各有投奔,唯有杨君仍然坚守在岗位上,不但殷勤工作,教书育人,而且于海南之感情愈加深厚,从事起海南人物的研究,宋耀如传便是直接的成果之一。

宋耀如出生于海南,少年时代就离乡背井,远赴南洋,继而赴美,因为偶然原因与基督教发生联系,成为一名接受洗礼的基督教徒,并且顺利进入神学院圣三一学院接受神学教育。五年以后,他作为一名传教士回到中国上海,在传教工作的同时,结婚生子,亦教亦商,居然成为中国第一代巨商买办,获得丰厚的家产。生子女六人,在民国时代,通过婚嫁成就了两代第一夫人,连接了四大家族中的三大家族,对国共两党的政权都产生了重大影响。论其家族之显赫,不能不算是民国以来第一位,史无前例。

宋耀如出身贫寒,少年时期未接受太多教育,以致上海传教时连中文信件都不能写,但天资聪慧,勤于实践,凭着在美国的神学院教育,精通了英语,开阔了视野。他未必是一个博大精深的传教士,但世界性的视野和得天独厚的跨国关系,使他成功地转型为一个巨富和社会名流。这样的人生经历已是近代史上的传奇,但更加神奇的是他在后半生又成功地支持了近代政治上的反清和革命力量,通过各种复杂的关系,其家族从经济到政治都达到了辉煌顶峰。本研究的关注点在于宋氏前半生与后半生之间关系,考察在宋氏两代人的成功与辉煌之间,究竟有没有某种联系。本来仿佛是一种冥冥中的天意,根本非个别人的意志所能有意为之,但本研究却在这种天意的表象下努力探讨其中人为努力,那就是宋耀如是如何教育培养子女成为非凡,而这种培养与他本人素质有什么可循的蛛丝马迹。

从宋耀如本人的素质而言,其性格必有过人之处。究其大概,首先是勇于求新不守陈规。宋耀如一生不安于平庸,渴望奋斗,改变自己的命运,因此一生有多起破旧立新之举:破海南家乡之囿漂洋过海;破养父家产之囿出逃信教;又破传教团体之囿从事商业买办活动;最后是破清王朝之囿支持革命。从家庭到宗教到朝廷,所有墨守成规的道德束缚都被他粉碎消解,无所顾忌只求自由发展个性。其次是不失时机地抓住机会发展自己。宋耀如并非出身望族,没有一点社会背景,即使利用了教会势力,也很难影响到上流社会。他即便有不守陈规的勇气,也未必能够获得成功机会。但其一生中传奇般地获得了多次命运的转折:一次是认养父从韩姓变宋姓,赴美国继承产业;一次是认琼斯船长等为主人,信从基督,改名为查理·琼斯·宋;一次是相遇徐氏望族的倪珪贞,结成婚姻,直接走进了上流社会;还有一次是利用了美国的“精神父亲”卡尔等人的社会关系,创造性地踏上跨国商贸和实业之路。人生命运的转折很可贵,往往一次就足够终生享用,而宋耀如没有失去任何一次改变人生的机会,改姓更名,信教归宗,结婚联姻,买办洋务,一步步把家族事业推向了高峰。——这种精神,正是来自美国新大陆,或者说与新大陆精神一拍即合的默契,直接造就了宋氏家族的成功。这种精神的特质,也就是资本主义上升时期朝气蓬勃、不顾一切地谋求自我发展的冒险家精神,是古老中国文化道德束缚下的民族性格中最最缺乏的精神因素,而宋耀如的冒险经历成就了他的冒险性格,其性格特质又成就了他的成功人生。

以这样的资本主义冒险精神进入处于颟顸腐朽、被迫转型的古老封建帝国,必然会产生所向披靡的效率和势不可挡的威力,表现在政治上就是资产阶级民主革命中风云际会的先锋性力量,表现在经济上就是暴发户和买办阶级的迅猛崛起,表现在家族上就是高端政治与权力经济的高度结合,融为一体。以这种精神作为家族血脉遗传给后代,成就了宋氏第二代所上演的风起云涌、国色天香的一幕历史情景剧。

杨君等人有幸利用了上海市孙中山宋庆龄文物管理委员会新编出版的宋耀如17封海外英文信简,为重新认识宋耀如的生平历史提供了关键性的资料。本书稿对这些信件的相关内容作了很有价值的细读,诠释细腻,语言讲究,使这部传记有了许多新意。无论从内容分析还是语言运用,这部书稿都吸引我愉快地一口气读下去,并且时时有所启迪,有所思考。当然,我所感受到的,未必就是杨君等作者所想表达的,但我如实说出,以供杨君等作者和广大读者参考。是为序。

2011年9月4日于上海鱼焦了斋

Introduction by Chen Sihe

I received the manuscript of the biography of Charlie Jones Soong of Hainan by Mr. Yang Guoliang and two coauthors. Mr. Yang told me that the book will be published very soon and asked me to write a short preface for it. I dont know how to comment on this book, for I have not studied Charlie Jones Soong at all. What I can do, however, is to read it carefully and tell something about my understanding of it in this introduction.

Mr.Yang has been working in Hainan for more than ten years. Over a decade ago, Hainan was a place where many geniuses and undiscovered talents gathered to develop their skills to the fullest. Time flies so fast—more than ten years has passed; almost all my friends there expected to go back to where they came from, and indeed, many have returned to the mainland for various reasons, but Yang—only Yang himself—still stays in Hainan, working hard for education. His affection for Hainan extends to close studies of its famous figures. This biography of Charlie Jones Soong is one of his greatest achievements.

Charlie Jones Soong, born in Hainan, left his homeland for Southeast Asia when he was a young boy. Then he went to America and, by chance, was introduced to Christianity, becoming baptised and then successfully entering Trinity College of Duke University for a theological education. Five years later, he returned to Shanghai for his missionary work; at the same time, he married and started a family. He was a teacher and businessman who unexpectedly became a baron comprador in the first generation of prominent businessmen in China, having obtained a rich family property. He fathered six children. During the era of the Republic of China, his daughters, through their marriages, became the First Ladies of two generations, connecting The Three Big Families of The Four ones, significantly influencing the regimes of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. His family, in its brilliance, was sure to be the first unprecedented one since the founding of the Republic of China.